Kucharska Justyna
Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
School of Psychotherapy and Psychology, Regents's University London, London, UK.
Clin Psychol Psychother. 2017 Jan;24(1):186-194. doi: 10.1002/cpp.1994. Epub 2016 Jan 5.
The purpose of this research was to explore the issue of the psychological aftermaths of traumatic events in women. According to the existing body of evidence, women suffer more often than men from mental health problems as a result of a traumatic event-one of the explanations for this is that women experience sexual trauma more frequently and this type of trauma causes more severe negative consequences. Therefore, the main aim of this research was to compare the aftermaths of sexual and non-sexual traumatic events in women. Only traumatic events in adulthood were taken into consideration and were divided into two categories: recent events (previous two years) and those of an earlier occurrence. Depression and low level of self-esteem were included in the research model as possible consequences of traumatic events. A total of 273 women from Poland took part in a questionnaire survey. As hypothesized, in the case of recent events, participants who experienced a sexual trauma showed a higher level of depression and lower level of self-esteem compared with those subjects, who experienced a non-sexual trauma or did not experience a traumatic event at all. However, this effect was not observed in the case of events of earlier occurrence. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relations between traumatic experiences and the level of depression and self-esteem in women were demonstrated. Women who experienced sexual trauma showed higher levels of depression and lower levels of self-esteem than women who experienced other types of trauma. Time of the occurrence of the traumatic events matters: the relations between traumatic events, depression and self-esteem were demonstrated in the case of the events that occurred within the last two years.
本研究的目的是探讨女性创伤事件的心理后果问题。根据现有证据，女性因创伤事件而出现心理健康问题的频率高于男性——对此的一种解释是，女性遭受性创伤的频率更高，而这种类型的创伤会导致更严重的负面后果。因此，本研究的主要目的是比较女性性创伤和非性创伤事件的后果。仅考虑成年期的创伤事件，并将其分为两类：近期事件（过去两年）和较早发生的事件。抑郁和低自尊被纳入研究模型，作为创伤事件可能产生的后果。共有273名来自波兰的女性参与了问卷调查。正如所假设的，在近期事件中，经历性创伤的参与者与经历非性创伤或根本未经历创伤事件的参与者相比，表现出更高的抑郁水平和更低的自尊水平。然而，在较早发生的事件中未观察到这种效应。版权所有© 2016约翰·威利父子有限公司。
证实了创伤经历与女性抑郁水平和自尊水平之间的关系。经历性创伤的女性比经历其他类型创伤的女性表现出更高的抑郁水平和更低的自尊水平。创伤事件发生的时间很重要：在过去两年内发生的事件中证实了创伤事件、抑郁和自尊之间的关系。
