Scharf Rebecca J, Scharf Graham J, Stroustrup Annemarie
Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Center for Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
Institute for Advanced Studies in Culture, Charlottesville, VA.
Pediatr Rev. 2016 Jan;37(1):25-37; quiz 38, 47. doi: 10.1542/pir.2014-0103.
• On the basis of observational studies (level C), preterm birth is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disabilities in children, and the degree of neurodevelopmental disability is inversely correlated with gestational age at birth. When comparing performance of preterm children to developmental norms, “corrected age” or age from due date rather than birth date should be used for the first 24 to 36 months. • On the basis of observational studies (level C), clinicians should pay specific attention to sensory function in children born preterm because the incidence of visual and hearing impairments is higher in preterm than term children. Due to the elevated risk of cognitive and behavioral disabilities, clinicians caring for children born preterm should be vigilant when performing developmental assessments to improve outcomes. • On the basis of observational studies (level C), early identification of developmental delays allows for referral to therapeutic services, and children referred for early intervention are more likely to make gains in developmental milestones.
• 根据观察性研究（C级），早产是儿童神经发育障碍的主要原因，神经发育障碍的程度与出生时的孕周呈负相关。将早产儿童的表现与发育标准进行比较时，在出生后的头24至36个月应使用“矫正年龄”，即从预产期而非出生日期算起的年龄。
• 根据观察性研究（C级），临床医生应特别关注早产儿童的感觉功能，因为早产儿童的视力和听力障碍发生率高于足月儿童。由于认知和行为障碍的风险增加，照顾早产儿童的临床医生在进行发育评估时应保持警惕，以改善预后。
• 根据观察性研究（C级），早期识别发育迟缓可将儿童转介至治疗服务机构，接受早期干预的儿童更有可能在发育里程碑方面取得进步。
