Chambers Thomas J G, Richard Richard A
MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K.
Hormones (Athens). 2015 Oct-Dec;14(4):563-8. doi: 10.14310/horm.2002.1621.
Obesity in men of reproductive age is globally on the increase. There is clear evidence from epidemiological studies that obesity impacts negatively on male fertility; it is associated with hypogonadism, although it is less consistently linked to impaired spermatogenesis and tests of sperm function, including DNA fragmentation. Sperm from obese men used for in vitro fertilisation/intra cytoplasmic sperm injection is associated with a greater number of pregnancy losses and is less likely to result in live births. There are also increasing data from animal studies that paternal obesity may impact negatively on the reproductive and metabolic health of offspring and grand-offspring. It has been suggested that high-fat dietary exposures could affect the epigenetic content of sperm or the endocrine content of seminal fluid and thus impact early fetal development. Experimental and epidemiological data show that male fertility, and offspring health, can be improved by weight loss in obese and overweight males.
全球范围内，育龄男性肥胖现象呈上升趋势。流行病学研究有明确证据表明，肥胖对男性生育能力有负面影响；肥胖与性腺功能减退有关，不过与精子发生受损以及精子功能检测（包括DNA碎片化）的关联不太一致。用于体外受精/胞浆内单精子注射的肥胖男性精子与更多的妊娠丢失相关，且活产几率更低。动物研究也有越来越多的数据表明，父代肥胖可能对后代及孙代的生殖和代谢健康产生负面影响。有人提出，高脂饮食暴露可能会影响精子的表观遗传内容或精液的内分泌成分，从而影响胎儿早期发育。实验和流行病学数据表明，肥胖和超重男性体重减轻可改善男性生育能力及后代健康。
