Ricklefs Robert E, He Fangliang
Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121-4499;
Sun Yat-sen University-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Conservation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H1 Canada
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Jan 19;113(3):674-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1523683113. Epub 2016 Jan 5.
Global patterns of biodiversity reflect both regional and local processes, but the relative importance of local ecological limits to species coexistence, as influenced by the physical environment, in contrast to regional processes including species production, dispersal, and extinction, is poorly understood. Failure to distinguish regional influences from local effects has been due, in part, to sampling limitations at small scales, environmental heterogeneity within local or regional samples, and incomplete geographic sampling of species. Here, we use a global dataset comprising 47 forest plots to demonstrate significant region effects on diversity, beyond the influence of local climate, which together explain more than 92% of the global variation in local forest tree species richness. Significant region effects imply that large-scale processes shaping the regional diversity of forest trees exert influence down to the local scale, where they interact with local processes to determine the number of coexisting species.
生物多样性的全球格局反映了区域和局部过程，但与包括物种产生、扩散和灭绝在内的区域过程相比，受物理环境影响的局部生态限制对物种共存的相对重要性却鲜为人知。未能区分区域影响和局部效应，部分原因在于小尺度上的采样限制、局部或区域样本内的环境异质性以及物种地理采样的不完整性。在这里，我们使用一个包含47个森林样地的全球数据集来证明，除了局部气候的影响外，区域对多样性有显著影响，这些因素共同解释了全球局部森林树种丰富度变化的92%以上。显著的区域效应意味着，塑造森林树木区域多样性的大规模过程会向下延伸至局部尺度，在该尺度上它们与局部过程相互作用，以确定共存物种的数量。
