Elsayed Maha, Magistretti Pierre J
Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Cellular Dynamics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland.
Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Cellular Dynamics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne, Switzerland; Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal, Saudi Arabia; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2015 Dec 16;9:468. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00468. eCollection 2015.
Mental illnesses have long been perceived as the exclusive consequence of abnormalities in neuronal functioning. Until recently, the role of glial cells in the pathophysiology of mental diseases has largely been overlooked. However recently, multiple lines of evidence suggest more diverse and significant functions of glia with behavior-altering effects. The newly ascribed roles of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia have led to their examination in brain pathology and mental illnesses. Indeed, abnormalities in glial function, structure and density have been observed in postmortem brain studies of subjects diagnosed with mental illnesses. In this review, we discuss the newly identified functions of glia and highlight the findings of glial abnormalities in psychiatric disorders. We discuss these preclinical and clinical findings implicating the involvement of glial cells in mental illnesses with the perspective that these cells may represent a new target for treatment.
长期以来，精神疾病一直被视为神经元功能异常的唯一后果。直到最近，神经胶质细胞在精神疾病病理生理学中的作用在很大程度上被忽视了。然而，最近多条证据表明神经胶质细胞具有更多样化且显著的功能，会对行为产生影响。星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞和小胶质细胞新被赋予的作用促使人们在脑病理学和精神疾病中对它们进行研究。事实上，在被诊断患有精神疾病的受试者的尸检脑研究中，已经观察到神经胶质细胞功能、结构和密度的异常。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了神经胶质细胞新发现的功能，并强调了精神障碍中神经胶质细胞异常的研究结果。我们从这些细胞可能代表一个新的治疗靶点的角度，讨论了这些涉及神经胶质细胞参与精神疾病的临床前和临床研究结果。
