Wang Li, Zhang Shuai, Luo Jun-Yu, Wang Chun-Yi, Lv Li-Min, Zhu Xiang-Zhen, Li Chun-Hua, Cui Jin-Jie
State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.
PLoS One. 2016 Jan 6;11(1):e0146345. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146345. eCollection 2016.
The cotton-melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a polyphagous species with a worldwide distribution and a variety of biotypes. North China is a traditional agricultural area with abundant winter and summer hosts of A. gossypii. While the life cycles of A. gossypii on different plants have been well studied, those of the biotypes of North China are still unclear.
Host transfer experiments showed that A. gossypii from North China has two host-specialized biotypes: cotton and cucumber. Based on complete mitochondrial sequences, we identified a molecular marker with five single-nucleotide polymorphisms to distinguish the biotypes. Using this marker, a large-scale study of biotypes on primary winter and summer hosts was conducted. All A. gossypii collected from three primary hosts-hibiscus, pomegranate, and Chinese prickly ash-were cotton biotypes, with more cotton-melon aphids found on hibiscus than the other two species. In May, alate cotton and cucumber biotypes coexisted on cotton and cucumber seedlings, but each preferred its natal host. Both biotypes existed on zucchini, although the cucumber biotype was more numerous. Aphids on muskmelon were all cucumber biotypes, whereas most aphids on kidney bean were cotton biotypes. Aphids on seedlings of potato and cowpea belong to other species. In August, aphids on cotton and cucumber were the respective biotypes, with zucchini still hosting both biotypes as before. Thus, the biotypes had different fitnesses on different host plants.
Two host-specialized biotypes (cotton and cucumber) are present in North China. Hibiscus, pomegranate, and Chinese prickly ash can serve as winter hosts for the cotton biotype but not the cucumber biotype in North China. The fitnesses of the two host-specialized biotypes differ on various summer hosts. When alate aphids migrate to summer hosts, they cannot accurately land on the corresponding plant.
棉蚜，棉蚜（半翅目：蚜科），是一种多食性物种，分布于世界各地，有多种生物型。中国北方是一个传统农业区，有丰富的棉蚜冬夏寄主。虽然棉蚜在不同植物上的生命周期已得到充分研究，但中国北方生物型的生命周期仍不清楚。
寄主转移实验表明，中国北方的棉蚜有两种寄主特化生物型：棉花型和黄瓜型。基于完整的线粒体序列，我们鉴定出一个具有五个单核苷酸多态性的分子标记来区分生物型。利用这个标记，对主要冬夏寄主上的生物型进行了大规模研究。从三种主要寄主——木槿、石榴和花椒上采集的所有棉蚜均为棉花生物型，木槿上发现的棉蚜比其他两种寄主上的更多。5月，有翅的棉花型和黄瓜型生物型共存于棉花和黄瓜幼苗上，但每种都更喜欢其原生寄主。西葫芦上同时存在两种生物型，尽管黄瓜生物型数量更多。甜瓜上的蚜虫均为黄瓜生物型，而菜豆上的大多数蚜虫为棉花生物型。马铃薯和豇豆幼苗上的蚜虫属于其他物种。8月，棉花和黄瓜上的蚜虫分别为各自的生物型，西葫芦上仍像以前一样同时存在两种生物型。因此，不同生物型在不同寄主植物上的适应性不同。
中国北方存在两种寄主特化生物型（棉花型和黄瓜型）。在中国北方，木槿、石榴和花椒可作为棉花生物型的冬寄主，但不能作为黄瓜生物型的冬寄主。两种寄主特化生物型在各种夏季寄主上的适应性不同。当有翅蚜虫迁移到夏季寄主时，它们不能准确地降落在相应的植物上。
