Larsen Mark E, Cummins Nicholas, Boonstra Tjeerd W, O'Dea Bridianne, Tighe Joe, Nicholas Jennifer, Shand Fiona, Epps Julien, Christensen Helen
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2015;2015:7316-9. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2015.7320081.
Suicide is one of the leading causes of death globally, and is notably a significant cause of death amongst young people. A suicide outcome is a complex combination of personal, social, and health factors, and therefore suicide prevention is a challenge, requiring a systems approach incorporating public health strategies, screening at-risk individuals, targeted interventions, and follow-up for suicide survivors and those bereaved by suicide. Engineering practice has been implicated in the hindrance of the adoption of suicide prevention strategies, such as installing safety barriers at the Golden Gate Bridge, however technological developments offer new opportunities in suicide prevention, and the potential to reduce the number of deaths by suicide. We present an overview of current technological developments which are facilitating research in the field of suicide prevention, including multiple modes of screening such as network analysis of mobile-phone collected connectivity data, automatic detection of suicidality from social media content, and crisis detection from acoustic variability in speech patterns. The current field of mhealth apps for suicide prevention is assessed, and an innovative app for an Indigenous population is presented. From this overview, future challenges - technical and ethical - are discussed.
自杀是全球主要死因之一，尤其在年轻人中是一个重要死因。自杀结果是个人、社会和健康因素的复杂组合，因此预防自杀是一项挑战，需要采用系统方法，纳入公共卫生策略、对高危个体进行筛查、有针对性的干预措施，以及对自杀幸存者和因自杀而失去亲人者进行随访。工程实践曾被认为阻碍了自杀预防策略的采用，比如在金门大桥安装安全屏障，但技术发展为自杀预防带来了新机遇，以及减少自杀死亡人数的潜力。我们概述了当前促进自杀预防领域研究的技术发展，包括多种筛查模式，如对手机收集的连接性数据进行网络分析、从社交媒体内容中自动检测自杀倾向，以及从语音模式的声学变异性中检测危机。对当前用于自杀预防的移动健康应用领域进行了评估，并展示了一款针对原住民群体的创新应用。基于此概述，讨论了未来的挑战——技术和伦理方面的挑战。
