Ciolacu Luminita, Stessl Beatrix, Bolocan Andrei Sorin, Oniciuc Elena Alexandra, Wagner Martin, Rychli Kathrin, Nicolau Anca Ioana
1 Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati , Galati, Romania .
2 Institute for Milk Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna, Austria .
Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2016 Mar;13(3):148-55. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2057. Epub 2016 Jan 7.
Food illegally brought into the European Union, mainly in the personal luggage of travelers, represents a potential threat to consumers' health. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of five pathogens in food brought into the European Union by Moldavian citizens as personal goods and illegally sold in Romania in the vicinity of the border. The occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes was 7.5% and 8%, while Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella spp. were absent in all samples. L. monocytogenes sequence type 2, 9, 121, and 155, highly prevalent among foodstuffs worldwide, was also present among isolates from ready-to-eat food illegally sold in Romania, even at the same date of sampling, indicating cross-contamination during food handling. S. aureus spa types t449, t304, and t524 were most often isolated from raw-milk cheeses contaminated with 10(3)-10(5) colony-forming units per gram, evidencing a contamination at herd level or unhygienic conditions during processing. S. aureus t011 and t3625, both included in the livestock-associated CC398, were isolated from pork lard and poultry meat. This study shows that cross-border trade from nonmember states represents a neglected route of transmission of foodborne pathogens into the European Union that could lead to sporadic or family-associated cases of disease.
非法带入欧盟的食品，主要是旅行者随身携带的行李中所携带的，对消费者健康构成潜在威胁。本研究的目的是调查摩尔多瓦公民作为个人物品带入欧盟并在罗马尼亚边境附近非法销售的食品中五种病原体的存在情况。金黄色葡萄球菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌的检出率分别为7.5%和8%，而所有样本中均未检测到弯曲杆菌属、大肠杆菌O157:H7和沙门氏菌属。单核细胞增生李斯特菌序列类型2、9、121和155在全球食品中高度流行，在罗马尼亚非法销售的即食食品分离株中也有出现，甚至在同一天采样时也有，这表明食品处理过程中存在交叉污染。金黄色葡萄球菌spa型t449、t304和t524最常从每克污染有10(3)-10(5)个菌落形成单位的生乳奶酪中分离出来，这证明在畜群水平存在污染或加工过程中卫生条件不佳。金黄色葡萄球菌t011和t3625均属于与家畜相关的CC398，从猪油和禽肉中分离得到。这项研究表明，来自非成员国的跨境贸易是食源性病原体传入欧盟的一条被忽视的传播途径，可能导致散发性或家庭相关疾病病例。
