Gerike Regine, de Nazelle Audrey, Nieuwenhuijsen Mark, Panis Luc Int, Anaya Esther, Avila-Palencia Ione, Boschetti Florinda, Brand Christian, Cole-Hunter Tom, Dons Evi, Eriksson Ulf, Gaupp-Berghausen Mailin, Kahlmeier Sonja, Laeremans Michelle, Mueller Natalie, Orjuela Juan Pablo, Racioppi Francesca, Raser Elisabeth, Rojas-Rueda David, Schweizer Christian, Standaert Arnout, Uhlmann Tina, Wegener Sandra, Götschi Thomas
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Institute for Transport Studies, Vienna, Austria Dresden University of Technology, Chair of Integrated Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering, Dresden, Germany.
Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK.
BMJ Open. 2016 Jan 7;6(1):e009924. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009924.
Only one-third of the European population meets the minimum recommended levels of physical activity (PA). Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Walking and cycling for transport (active mobility, AM) are well suited to provide regular PA. The European research project Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA) pursues the following aims: (1) to investigate correlates and interrelations of AM, PA, air pollution and crash risk; (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of selected interventions to promote AM; (3) to improve health impact assessment (HIA) of AM; (4) to foster the exchange between the disciplines of public health and transport planning, and between research and practice.
PASTA pursues a mixed-method and multilevel approach that is consistently applied in seven case study cities. Determinants of AM and the evaluation of measures to increase AM are investigated through a large scale longitudinal survey, with overall 14,000 respondents participating in Antwerp, Barcelona, London, Örebro, Rome, Vienna and Zurich. Contextual factors are systematically gathered in each city. PASTA generates empirical findings to improve HIA for AM, for example, with estimates of crash risks, factors on AM-PA substitution and carbon emissions savings from mode shifts. Findings from PASTA will inform WHO's online Health Economic Assessment Tool on the health benefits from cycling and/or walking. The study's wide scope, the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and health and transport methods, the innovative survey design, the general and city-specific analyses, and the transdisciplinary composition of the consortium and the wider network of partners promise highly relevant insights for research and practice.
Ethics approval has been obtained by the local ethics committees in the countries where the work is being conducted, and sent to the European Commission before the start of the survey. The PASTA website (http://www.pastaproject.eu) is at the core of all communication and dissemination activities.
欧洲只有三分之一的人口达到了建议的最低身体活动水平。缺乏身体活动是导致非传染性疾病的主要风险因素。步行和骑自行车出行（主动出行）非常适合提供定期的身体活动。欧洲研究项目“通过可持续交通方式促进身体活动”（PASTA）追求以下目标：（1）研究主动出行、身体活动、空气污染和碰撞风险之间的关联和相互关系；（2）评估所选促进主动出行干预措施的有效性；（3）改进主动出行的健康影响评估；（4）促进公共卫生和交通规划学科之间以及研究与实践之间的交流。
PASTA采用混合方法和多层次方法，并在七个案例研究城市中持续应用。通过大规模纵向调查研究主动出行的决定因素以及增加主动出行措施的评估，共有14000名受访者参与了安特卫普、巴塞罗那、伦敦、厄勒布鲁、罗马、维也纳和苏黎世的调查。在每个城市系统收集背景因素。PASTA生成实证结果以改进主动出行的健康影响评估，例如，通过碰撞风险估计、主动出行与身体活动替代因素以及模式转变带来的碳排放节省。PASTA的研究结果将为世界卫生组织的在线健康经济评估工具提供有关骑自行车和/或步行对健康益处的信息。该研究的广泛范围、定性和定量方法以及健康与交通方法的结合、创新的调查设计、一般和特定城市分析以及联盟的跨学科组成和更广泛的合作伙伴网络有望为研究和实践提供高度相关的见解。
在开展工作的国家，当地伦理委员会已获得伦理批准，并在调查开始前提交给了欧盟委员会。PASTA网站（http://www.pastaproject.eu）是所有沟通和传播活动的核心。
