Shakya K L, Shrestha N, Kisiju P, Onta S R
Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Valley College of Technical Sciences, Purbanchal University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2015 May-Aug;13(30):121-5.
The high prevalence of low birth weight remains a major public health problem around the world. Nepal has prevalence of it as high as 21%. Because of poor dietary intake, majorities of Nepalese women have low body mass index and are anaemic that results in poor pregnancy outcome.
This hospital based case-control study was carried out in four hospitals of Nepal from August 2012 to September 2013. It sought the association of factors to low birth weight like maternal height, weight, and body mass index, food intake, past history of low birth weight, and preterm delivery. Total sample of 1533 were taken, among them 511 were cases and 1022 were controls.
Total of 1533 mothers were interviewed across four hospitals. The study revealed mean height, weight and body mass index of mothers were 150cm (SD:6.6), 49kg (SD:6.8), and 21.5kg/m (SD:3) respectively. On crude odds analysis, mothers with height <145cm had 1.5 times (CI:1.1-2.1), weight <45kg had 2.4 times (CI:1.9-3.1), body mass index <18.5kg/m 2 2 had 2.2 times (CI:1.6-2.9), food taken <2 times had 2 times (CI:1.4-2.9) higher chance of delivering low birth weight babies respectively. On adjusted OR analysis, height <145cm (AOR=0.5, CI:0.3-0.9); weight <45kg (AOR=0.5, CI:0.3-1.0) history of low birth weight (AOR=5.1, CI:2.1-12.8) were associated to current low birth weight.
The study concluded that the chances of delivering low birth weight were higher among mothers who are thin, short, low body mass index, less food intake, had history on low birth weight and preterm birth. Among them, a past history on low birth weight was the strongest predictor in this study.
低出生体重的高患病率仍然是全球主要的公共卫生问题。尼泊尔的低出生体重患病率高达21%。由于饮食摄入不足，大多数尼泊尔妇女体重指数较低且贫血，这导致不良的妊娠结局。
这项基于医院的病例对照研究于2012年8月至2013年9月在尼泊尔的四家医院开展。该研究探寻了诸如母亲身高、体重、体重指数、食物摄入量、低出生体重既往史以及早产等因素与低出生体重之间的关联。共选取了1533个样本，其中511例为病例组，1022例为对照组。
四家医院共对1533名母亲进行了访谈。研究显示，母亲的平均身高、体重和体重指数分别为150厘米（标准差：6.6）、49千克（标准差：6.8）和21.5千克/平方米（标准差：3）。在粗比值分析中，身高<145厘米的母亲生出低出生体重婴儿的几率高1.5倍（置信区间：1.1 - 2.1），体重<45千克的母亲高2.4倍（置信区间：1.9 - 3.1），体重指数<18.5千克/平方米的母亲高2.2倍（置信区间：1.6 - 2.9），每日进食<2次的母亲高2倍（置信区间：1.4 - 2.9）。在调整后的比值比分析中，身高<145厘米（调整后比值比=0.5，置信区间：0.3 - 0.9）；体重<45千克（调整后比值比=0.5，置信区间：0.3 - 1.0）以及低出生体重既往史（调整后比值比=5.1，置信区间：2.1 - 12.8）与当前的低出生体重有关。
该研究得出结论，体型瘦、个子矮、体重指数低、食物摄入量少、有低出生体重既往史以及早产的母亲生出低出生体重婴儿的几率更高。其中，低出生体重既往史是本研究中最强的预测因素。
