Sun Sheng, Heitman Joseph
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.
Fungal Biol Rev. 2015 Dec 1;29(3-4):118-125. doi: 10.1016/j.fbr.2015.06.002. Epub 2015 Jul 10.
While sexual reproduction is universal in eukaryotes, and shares conserved core features, the specific aspects of sexual reproduction can differ dramatically from species to species. This is also true in Fungi. Among fungal species, mating determination can vary from tetrapolar with more than a thousand different mating types, to bipolar with only two opposite mating types, and finally to unipolar without the need of a compatible mating partner for sexual reproduction. is a human pathogenic fungus that belongs to the Basidiomycota. While has a well-defined bipolar mating system with two opposite mating types, and α, it can also undergo homothallic unisexual reproduction from one single cell or between two cells of the same mating type. Recently, it was shown that, as in -α bisexual reproduction, meiosis is also involved in α-α unisexual reproduction in . Briefly, recombination frequencies, the number of crossovers along chromosomes, as well as frequencies at which aneuploid and diploid progeny are produced, are all comparable between -α bisexual and α-α unisexual reproduction. The plasticity observed in sexual reproduction highlights the extensive diversity in mating type determination, mating recognition, as well as modes of sexual reproduction across fungal species.
虽然有性生殖在真核生物中普遍存在，且具有保守的核心特征，但有性生殖的具体方面在不同物种之间可能存在巨大差异。真菌也是如此。在真菌物种中，交配决定方式各不相同，从具有一千多种不同交配型的四极性，到只有两种相反交配型的双极性，最后到无需兼容交配伙伴即可进行有性生殖的单极性。 是一种属于担子菌门的人类致病真菌。虽然 具有明确的双极性交配系统，有两种相反的交配型，即 和α，但它也可以从单个细胞或同一交配型的两个细胞之间进行同宗同配的单性生殖。最近研究表明，与 -α两性生殖一样，减数分裂也参与了 中α-α单性生殖。简而言之，重组频率、沿染色体的交叉数，以及非整倍体和二倍体后代产生的频率，在 -α两性生殖和α-α单性生殖之间都是可比的。在 有性生殖中观察到的可塑性突出了真菌物种在交配型决定、交配识别以及有性生殖模式方面的广泛多样性。
