McCarthy Danielle E, Bold Krysten W, Minami Haruka, Yeh Vivian M, Rutten Emily, Nadkarni Shruti G, Chapman Gretchen B
Department of Psychology and Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey.
Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2016 Apr;24(2):120-30. doi: 10.1037/pha0000061. Epub 2016 Jan 11.
Cross-sectional research suggests that smokers are more impulsive than are nonsmokers, but few studies have examined relations between impulsiveness and later success in quitting smoking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and predictive validity of facets of impulsiveness in adult smokers trying to quit. Baseline behavioral measures of impulsive choice (assessed with a delay discounting task) and impulsive action (assessed with a measure of behavioral disinhibition) were used as predictors of smoking cessation success over 12 weeks. The sample included 116 adult (18 years old or older) daily smokers from central New Jersey. Impulsive choice, impulsive action, and self-reported impulsiveness were not significantly related to one another at baseline. Impulsive choice had high test-retest reliability from pre- to postquit, whereas impulsive action was less stable. Test-retest reliability from prequit to 3 weeks' postquit was moderated by achievement of 7-day abstinence. Baseline impulsive action was significantly negatively related to quitting for at least 1 day in the first 2 weeks of a quit attempt and of prolonged abstinence (no relapse over the next 10 weeks). Baseline impulsive choice was robustly associated with biochemically verified 7-day point-prevalence abstinence 12 weeks' postquit, such that those with lower delay discounting were more likely to achieve abstinence. Facets of impulsiveness appear to function largely independently in adult smokers, as indicated by their lack of intercorrelation, differential stability, and differential relations with abstinence. Impulsive action may impede initial quitting, whereas impulsive choice may be an obstacle to maintaining lasting abstinence.
横断面研究表明，吸烟者比不吸烟者更冲动，但很少有研究探讨冲动性与后来戒烟成功之间的关系。本研究的目的是调查试图戒烟的成年吸烟者冲动性各方面的可靠性和预测效度。冲动选择（通过延迟折扣任务评估）和冲动行为（通过行为抑制测量评估）的基线行为测量被用作12周内戒烟成功的预测指标。样本包括来自新泽西州中部的116名成年（18岁及以上）每日吸烟者。在基线时，冲动选择、冲动行为和自我报告的冲动性之间没有显著相关性。从戒烟前到戒烟后，冲动选择具有较高的重测信度，而冲动行为则不太稳定。从戒烟前到戒烟后3周的重测信度受7天戒断达成情况的调节。基线冲动行为与戒烟尝试的前2周内至少1天戒烟以及长期戒断（接下来10周内无复发）显著负相关。基线冲动选择与戒烟后12周经生化验证的7天点流行率戒断密切相关，即延迟折扣较低的人更有可能实现戒断。冲动性的各个方面在成年吸烟者中似乎基本独立起作用，这体现在它们缺乏相互关联、稳定性差异以及与戒断的关系差异上。冲动行为可能会阻碍最初的戒烟，而冲动选择可能是维持长期戒断的一个障碍。
