Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Addiction. 2018 Feb;113(2):299-312. doi: 10.1111/add.13964. Epub 2017 Oct 12.
To assess whether individuals trying to quit smoking who have high depressive symptoms (HD), compared with low depressive symptoms (LD): (1) report more frequent stressful events (SEs), (2) are more likely to smoke after SEs, (3) experience greater acute or persistent changes in affect after an SE, and (4) are at greater risk of smoking following affective changes.
Smoking cessation data were analyzed using multi-level path modeling to examine the moderating effects of depressive symptoms on relations among SEs, subsequent affect, and smoking.
An academic research center in Central New Jersey, USA.
Seventy-one adult treatment-seeking daily smokers recruited from 2010 to 2012.
Baseline depressive symptoms [HD: Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) ≥ 16 versus LD: CES-D < 16]; and real-time ecological momentary assessment (EMA) reports of SEs, affect, and smoking assessed during 21 days post-quit.
Multi-level models indicated that HD smokers were more likely than LD smokers to report stressful events [odds ratio (OR) = 2.323, P = 0.009], but had similar post-stress acute affective changes (negative affect: b = -0.117, P = 0.137, positive affect: b = 0.020, P = 0.805). Only HD smokers reported increased negative affect (NA) (b = 0.199, P = 0.030) and decreased positive affect (PA) up to 12 hours later (b = -0.217, P = 0.021), and greater lapse risk up to 24 hours after an SE (OR = 3.213, P = 0.017). The persistence of elevated NA and suppressed PA was partially explained by increased odds of subsequent SEs among HD smokers. However, the heightened stress-lapse association over 24 hours found in HD smokers was not fully explained by sustained aversive affect or subsequent SEs.
Depressed and non-depressed smokers trying to quit appear to experience similar acute affective changes following stress: however, depressed smokers experience higher rates of exposure to stress, longer-lasting post-stress affective disturbance and greater risk of smoking lapse 12-24 hours after a stressful event than non-depressed smokers.
评估试图戒烟的个体中，高抑郁症状（HD）组与低抑郁症状（LD）组相比：（1）是否报告更频繁的应激事件（SE）；（2）在 SE 后更有可能吸烟；（3）在 SE 后经历更大的急性或持续的情感变化；（4）在情感变化后吸烟的风险更高。
使用多层次路径建模分析戒烟数据，以检验抑郁症状对 SE、随后的情感和吸烟之间关系的调节作用。
美国新泽西州中部的一个学术研究中心。
2010 年至 2012 年招募的 71 名寻求治疗的成年每日吸烟者。
基线抑郁症状[HD：流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）≥16 与 LD：CES-D<16]；以及戒烟后 21 天内实时生态瞬时评估（EMA）报告的 SE、情感和吸烟情况。
多层次模型表明，HD 吸烟者比 LD 吸烟者更有可能报告应激事件[优势比（OR）=2.323，P=0.009]，但在应激后急性情感变化方面相似（负性情感：b=-0.117，P=0.137，正性情感：b=0.020，P=0.805）。只有 HD 吸烟者报告称，在应激后 12 小时内，负性情感（NA）增加（b=0.199，P=0.030），正性情感（PA）降低（b=-0.217，P=0.021），应激后 24 小时内的复吸风险增加（OR=3.213，P=0.017）。HD 吸烟者持续出现 NA 升高和 PA 降低，部分原因是他们经历了更多的后续 SE。然而，HD 吸烟者在应激后 24 小时内，压力与复吸之间的关联增强，这不能完全用持续的不良情感或后续 SE 来解释。
试图戒烟的抑郁和非抑郁吸烟者在应激后似乎经历了相似的急性情感变化：然而，与非抑郁吸烟者相比，抑郁吸烟者经历了更高的应激暴露率，应激后情感障碍持续时间更长，在应激后 12-24 小时内吸烟复吸的风险更高。
