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对参与油菜素内酯生物合成的编码C6-氧化酶的HvDWARF基因中,浇水和干旱胁迫的大麦突变体进行生理生化特性分析。

Physiological and biochemical characterisation of watered and drought-stressed barley mutants in the HvDWARF gene encoding C6-oxidase involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis.

作者信息

Janeczko Anna, Gruszka Damian, Pociecha Ewa, Dziurka Michał, Filek Maria, Jurczyk Barbara, Kalaji Hazem M, Kocurek Maciej, Waligórski Piotr

机构信息

The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland.

Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.

出版信息

Plant Physiol Biochem. 2016 Feb;99:126-41. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.12.003. Epub 2015 Dec 20.

Abstract

Brassinosteroids (BR) are plant steroid hormones that were discovered more than thirty years ago, but their physiological function has yet to be fully explained. The aim of the study was to answer the question of whether/how disturbances in the production of BR in barley affects the plant's metabolism and development under conditions of optimal watering and drought. Mutants with an impaired production of BR are one of the best tools in research aimed at understanding the mechanisms of action of these hormones. The study used barley cultivars with a normal BR synthesis (wild type) and semi-dwarf allelic mutants with an impaired activity of C6-oxidase (mutation in HvDWARF), which resulted in a decreased BR synthesis. Half of the plants were subjected to drought stress in the seedling stage and the other half were watered optimally. Plants with impaired BR production were characterised by a lower height and developmental retardation. Under both optimal watering and drought, BR synthesis disorders caused the reduced production of ABA and cytokinins, but not auxins. The BR mutants also produced less osmoprotectant (proline). The optimally watered and drought-stressed mutants accumulated less sucrose, which was accompanied by changes in the production of other soluble sugars. The increased content of fructooligosaccharide (kestose) in optimally watered mutants would suggest that BR is a negative regulator of kestose production. The decreased level of nystose in the drought-stressed mutants also suggests BR involvement in the regulation of the production of this fructooligosaccharide. The accumulation of the transcripts of genes associated with stress response (hsp90) was lower in the watered and drought-stressed BR-deficient mutants. In turn, the lower efficiency of photosystem II and the net photosynthetic rate in mutants was revealed only under drought conditions. The presented research allows for the physiological and biochemical traits of two BR-barley mutants to be characterised, which helps BR function to be understood. The knowledge can also be a good starting point for some breeding companies that are interested in introducing new semi-dwarf barley cultivars.

摘要

油菜素甾醇(BR)是三十多年前发现的植物甾体激素,但其生理功能尚未得到充分解释。该研究的目的是回答在最佳浇水和干旱条件下,大麦中BR产生的干扰是否/如何影响植物的代谢和发育这一问题。BR产生受损的突变体是旨在了解这些激素作用机制的研究中最好的工具之一。该研究使用了具有正常BR合成的大麦品种(野生型)和C6-氧化酶活性受损的半矮化等位突变体(HvDWARF突变),这导致BR合成减少。一半的植株在幼苗期遭受干旱胁迫,另一半则进行最佳浇水。BR产生受损的植株表现为株高较低和发育迟缓。在最佳浇水和干旱条件下,BR合成紊乱均导致脱落酸(ABA)和细胞分裂素的产生减少,但生长素不受影响。BR突变体还产生较少的渗透保护剂(脯氨酸)。最佳浇水和干旱胁迫下的突变体积累的蔗糖较少,同时伴随着其他可溶性糖产生的变化。最佳浇水突变体中低聚果糖(蔗果三糖)含量的增加表明BR是蔗果三糖产生的负调节因子。干旱胁迫突变体中黑曲霉低聚糖水平的降低也表明BR参与了这种低聚果糖产生的调节。在浇水和干旱胁迫的BR缺陷突变体中,与应激反应相关基因(hsp90)的转录本积累较低。反过来,仅在干旱条件下才发现突变体中光系统II的效率和净光合速率较低。所呈现的研究能够对两个BR大麦突变体的生理和生化特性进行表征,这有助于理解BR的功能。这些知识对于一些有兴趣引入新的半矮化大麦品种的育种公司来说也是一个很好的起点。

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