MacNaughton Gillian, Haigh Fiona, McGill Mariah, Koutsioumpas Konstantinos, Sprague Courtney
Assistant Professor in the School for Global Inclusion and Social Development at the University of Massachusetts Boston, USA.
Research Fellow at the Centre for Health Equity Training Research and Evaluation, University of New South Wales and the Ingham Institute, Australia.
Health Hum Rights. 2015 Dec 10;17(2):83-95.
In 2010, Vermont adopted a new law embracing human rights principles as guidelines for health care reform, and in 2011, Vermont was the first state in the US to enact framework legislation to establish a universal health care system for all its residents. This article reports on the Vermont Workers' Center's human rights-based approach to universal health care and the extent to which this approach influenced decision makers. We found the following: (1) by learning about the human right to health care and sharing experiences, Vermonters were motivated to demand universal health care; (2) mobilizing Vermonters around a unified message on the right to health care made universal health care politically important; (3) using the human rights framework to assess new proposals enabled the Vermont Workers' Center to respond quickly to new policy proposals; (4) framing health care as a human right provided an alternative to the dominant economics-based discourse; and (5) while economics continues to dominate discussions among Vermont leaders, both legislative committees on health care use the human rights principles as guiding norms for health care reform. Importantly, the principles have empowered Vermonters by giving them more voice in policymaking and have been internalized by legislators as democratic principles of governance.
2010年，佛蒙特州通过了一项新法律，将人权原则作为医疗改革的指导方针。2011年，佛蒙特州成为美国首个颁布框架立法以建立覆盖所有居民的全民医疗体系的州。本文报道了佛蒙特工人中心基于人权的全民医疗方法以及该方法对决策者的影响程度。我们发现如下情况：（1）通过了解医疗保健人权并分享经验，佛蒙特人受到激励，要求实现全民医疗；（2）围绕统一的医疗保健权信息动员佛蒙特人，使全民医疗在政治上变得重要；（3）利用人权框架评估新提案，使佛蒙特工人中心能够迅速回应新的政策提案；（4）将医疗保健界定为人权，为占主导地位的基于经济学的论述提供了替代方案；（5）虽然经济学在佛蒙特州领导人的讨论中仍占主导地位，但两个医疗保健立法委员会都将人权原则用作医疗改革的指导规范。重要的是，这些原则赋予了佛蒙特人在决策中更多发言权，从而增强了他们的权能，并且已被立法者内化为民主治理原则。
