Ünşar E Kökdemir, Çığgın A S, Erdem A, Perendeci N A
Department of Environmental Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey.
Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2016 Feb;18(2):277-88. doi: 10.1039/c5em00466g.
In this study, long and short term inhibition impacts of Ag, CuO and CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on anaerobic digestion (AD) of waste activated sludge (WAS) were investigated. CuO NPs were detected as the most toxic NPs on AD. As the CuO NP concentration increased from 5 to 1000 mg per gTS, an increase in the inhibition of AD from 5.8 to 84.0% was observed. EC50 values of short and long term inhibitions were calculated as 224.2 mgCuO per gTS and 215.1 mgCuO per gTS, respectively. Ag and CeO2 NPs did not cause drastic impacts on AD as compared to CuO NPs. In the long term test, Ag NPs created 12.1% decrease and CeO2 NPs caused 9.2% increase in the methane production from WAS at the highest dosage. FISH imaging also revealed that the abundance of Archaea in raw WAS was similar in short and long term tests carried out with WAS containing Ag and CeO2 NPs. On the other hand, CuO NPs caused inhibition of Archaea in the long term test. Digestion kinetics of WAS containing Ag, CeO2, CuO NPs were also evaluated with Gompertz, Logistic, Transference and First Order models. The hydrolysis rate constant (kH) for each concentration of Ag and CeO2 NPs and the raw WAS was 0.027745 d(-1) while the kH of WAS containing high concentrations of CuO NPs was found to be 0.001610 d(-1).
在本研究中，考察了银、氧化铜和二氧化铈纳米颗粒（NPs）对废弃活性污泥（WAS）厌氧消化（AD）的短期和长期抑制影响。氧化铜纳米颗粒被检测为对厌氧消化毒性最大的纳米颗粒。随着氧化铜纳米颗粒浓度从每克总固体（gTS）5毫克增加到1000毫克，厌氧消化的抑制率从5.8%增加到84.0%。短期和长期抑制的半数效应浓度（EC50）值分别计算为每克总固体224.2毫克氧化铜和215.1毫克氧化铜。与氧化铜纳米颗粒相比，银和二氧化铈纳米颗粒对厌氧消化没有产生剧烈影响。在长期试验中，在最高剂量下，银纳米颗粒使废弃活性污泥的甲烷产量降低了12.1%，二氧化铈纳米颗粒使甲烷产量增加了9.2%。荧光原位杂交（FISH）成像还显示，在含银和二氧化铈纳米颗粒的废弃活性污泥进行的短期和长期试验中，原废弃活性污泥中古菌的丰度相似。另一方面，在长期试验中，氧化铜纳米颗粒对古菌产生了抑制作用。还使用Gompertz、Logistic、转移和一级模型评估了含银、二氧化铈、氧化铜纳米颗粒的废弃活性污泥的消化动力学。每种浓度的银和二氧化铈纳米颗粒以及原废弃活性污泥的水解速率常数（kH）为0.027745 d(-1)，而发现含高浓度氧化铜纳米颗粒的废弃活性污泥的kH为0.001610 d(-1)。
