Gilbert Christopher C, Takahashi Maressa Q, Delson Eric
Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; PhD Program in Anthropology, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA.
New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA.
J Hum Evol. 2016 Jan;90:88-104. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.08.006. Epub 2015 Nov 22.
Associated cercopithecoid postcrania are rare in the Plio-Pleistocene fossil record, particularly in the case of South African karst cave sites. However, as clear postcranial differences between major papionin clades have been documented, it should be possible to assign isolated papionin postcrania to the Cercocebus/Mandrillus and Papio/Lophocebus/Theropithecus groups wherever sufficient anatomy is preserved. Here, we demonstrate that two partial humeri preserved at Taung, UCMP 56693 and UCMP 125898, are most likely attributable to the Cercocebus/Mandrillus and Papio/Lophocebus/Theropithecus clades, respectively. Univariate analyses (ANOVAs and t-tests) and multivariate analyses (discriminant function analyses) of humeral features, combined with a phylogenetic analysis of 24 humeral characters, all support our assessment. Given that the overwhelming number of craniodental specimens at Taung are attributable to two papionin taxa, Procercocebus antiquus (a member of the Cercocebus/Mandrillus clade) and Papio izodi (a purported fossil species of the modern genus Papio), we assign UCMP 56693 to Pr. antiquus and UCMP 125868 to P. izodi with a high degree of confidence. Implications for cercopithecoid evolution and biogeography are discussed, with a particular emphasis on these two fossil taxa.
在更新世-全新世化石记录中，相关的猕猴类颅后骨骼很少见，尤其是在南非喀斯特洞穴遗址的情况下。然而，由于主要狒狒类分支之间明显的颅后差异已有记录，只要保存了足够的解剖结构，就应该有可能将孤立的狒狒类颅后骨骼归为白睑猴属/山魈属以及狒狒属/绿猴属/疣猴属这两个类群。在此，我们证明了保存在汤恩的两块肱骨碎片，即加州大学古脊椎动物博物馆编号56693和125898的标本，最有可能分别归属于白睑猴属/山魈属以及狒狒属/绿猴属/疣猴属这两个分支。对肱骨特征进行的单变量分析（方差分析和t检验）以及多变量分析（判别函数分析），再结合对24个肱骨特征的系统发育分析，均支持我们这一评估。鉴于汤恩发现的绝大多数颅齿标本可归为两个狒狒类分类单元，即古原白睑猴（白睑猴属/山魈属分支的成员）和伊佐迪狒狒（现代狒狒属的一个所谓化石物种），我们非常有信心地将加州大学古脊椎动物博物馆编号56693的标本归为古原白睑猴，将编号125868的标本归为伊佐迪狒狒。本文讨论了猕猴类进化和生物地理学的相关影响，尤其着重于这两个化石分类单元。
