Calvente Irene, Pérez-Lobato Rocío, Núñez María-Isabel, Ramos Rosa, Guxens Mònica, Villalba Juan, Olea Nicolás, Fernández Mariana F
Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
Department of Radiology, University of Granada, Spain.
Bioelectromagnetics. 2016 Jan;37(1):25-36. doi: 10.1002/bem.21951.
The relationship between exposure to electromagnetic fields from non-ionizing radiation and adverse human health effects remains controversial. We aimed to explore the association of environmental radiofrequency-electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) exposure with neurobehavioral function of children. A subsample of 123 boys belonging to the Environment and Childhood cohort from Granada (Spain), recruited at birth from 2000 through 2002, were evaluated at the age of 9-11 years. Spot electric field measurements within the 100 kHz to 6 GHz frequency range, expressed as both root mean-square (S(RMS) and maximum power density (S(MAX)) magnitudes, were performed in the immediate surrounds of childreńs dwellings. Neurocognitive and behavioral functions were assessed with a comprehensive battery of tests. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used, adjusting for potential confounders. All measurements were lower than reference guideline limits, with median S(RMS) and S(MAX) values of 285.94 and 2759.68 μW/m(2), respectively. Most of the cognitive and behavioral parameters did not show any effect, but children living in higher RF exposure areas (above median S(RMS) levels) had lower scores for verbal expression/comprehension and higher scores for internalizing and total problems, and obsessive-compulsive and post-traumatic stress disorders, in comparison to those living in areas with lower exposure. These associations were stronger when S(MAX) values were considered. Although some of our results may suggest that low-level environmental RF-EMF exposure has a negative impact on cognitive and/or behavior development in children; given limitations in the study design and that the majority of neurobehavioral functioning tasks were not affected, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn.
非电离辐射产生的电磁场暴露与对人类健康的不良影响之间的关系仍存在争议。我们旨在探讨环境射频电磁场（RF-EMF）暴露与儿童神经行为功能之间的关联。对123名男孩的子样本进行了评估，这些男孩来自西班牙格拉纳达的环境与儿童队列，于2000年至2002年出生时招募，在9至11岁时接受评估。在儿童住所的紧邻区域进行了100 kHz至6 GHz频率范围内的现场电场测量，测量结果以均方根（S(RMS)）和最大功率密度（S(MAX)）两种量级表示。通过一系列综合测试评估神经认知和行为功能。使用多变量线性和逻辑回归模型，并对潜在的混杂因素进行了调整。所有测量值均低于参考指南限值，S(RMS)和S(MAX)的中位数分别为285.94和2759.68 μW/m²。大多数认知和行为参数未显示出任何影响，但与生活在低暴露区域的儿童相比，生活在高射频暴露区域（高于S(RMS)中位数水平）的儿童在语言表达/理解方面得分较低，在内化问题和总问题、强迫症和创伤后应激障碍方面得分较高。当考虑S(MAX)值时，这些关联更强。尽管我们的一些结果可能表明低水平的环境RF-EMF暴露对儿童的认知和/或行为发展有负面影响；但鉴于研究设计的局限性以及大多数神经行为功能任务未受影响，无法得出明确结论。
