Mittal Niti, Shafiq Nusrat, Bhalla Ashish, Pandhi Promila, Malhotra Samir
Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
SAGE Open Med. 2013 Sep 13;1:2050312113504213. doi: 10.1177/2050312113504213. eCollection 2013.
Poisonings and snake bites constitute major health-care problems worldwide. This observational study was conducted to identify factors associated with outcomes in such cases and to suggest strategies to improve them.
This is a prospective study conducted in the emergency medicine department of a tertiary care hospital. The study included 102 poisoning and 64 snake bite cases. Data regarding demographics, mode of poisoning, lag time in treatment, first aid, outside and indoor treatment, co-morbid illness, duration of hospitalisation and final outcome were collected in a prestructured proforma.
The age of the patients ranged from 11 to 68 years and incidence was more common among males (69.9%) compared to females (30.1%). The major types of poisonings included organophosphorus compounds (16.3%), aluminium phosphide (12%), drug overdose (10.8%) and corrosives (6%). There were 18 (18.6%) and 1 (1.6%) deaths in poisoning and snake bite cases, respectively. In poisoning cases, the duration of hospitalisation was significantly decreased if patient received outside treatment (p = 0.02) and if he or she had lesser lag time in reaching the hospital (p = 0.009).
Measures to reduce lag time and provide immediate treatment at initial encounter may be effective in reducing duration of hospitalisation and possibly mortality in poisoning and snake bite cases.
中毒和蛇咬伤是全球主要的医疗保健问题。本观察性研究旨在确定此类病例中与结局相关的因素，并提出改善这些因素的策略。
这是一项在三级护理医院急诊科进行的前瞻性研究。该研究纳入了102例中毒病例和64例蛇咬伤病例。使用预先构建的表格收集了有关人口统计学、中毒方式、治疗延迟时间、急救、院外和院内治疗、合并疾病、住院时间和最终结局的数据。
患者年龄在11至68岁之间，男性发病率（69.9%）高于女性（30.1%）。中毒的主要类型包括有机磷化合物（16.3%）、磷化铝（12%）、药物过量（10.8%）和腐蚀性物质（6%）。中毒和蛇咬伤病例的死亡人数分别为18例（18.6%）和1例（1.6%）。在中毒病例中，如果患者接受院外治疗（p = 0.02）以及到达医院的延迟时间较短（p = 0.009），住院时间会显著缩短。
减少延迟时间并在初次就诊时提供即时治疗的措施可能有效缩短中毒和蛇咬伤病例的住院时间，并可能降低死亡率。
