Dirtu Alin C, Malarvannan Govindan, Das Krishna, Dulau-Drouot Violaine, Kiszka Jeremy J, Lepoint Gilles, Mongin Philippe, Covaci Adrian
Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Chemistry, "Al. I. Cuza" University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania.
Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
Environ Res. 2016 Apr;146:263-73. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.006. Epub 2016 Jan 15.
Due to their high trophic position and long life span, small cetaceans are considered as suitable bioindicators to monitor the presence of contaminants in marine ecosystems. Here, we document the contamination with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and total mercury (T-Hg) of spinner (Stenella longirostris, n =21) and Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus, n=32) sampled from the coastal waters of La Réunion (south-western Indian Ocean). In addition, seven co-occurring teleost fish species were sampled and analyzed as well. Blubber samples from living dolphins and muscle from teleosts were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and metabolites (DDTs), chlordanes (CHLs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs), reported as having a natural origin, were also analyzed. T-Hg levels were measured in blubber and skin biopsies of the two dolphin species. Stable isotopes δ(13)C and δ(15)N values were determined in skin of the dolphins and in the muscle of teleosts. For PCBs, HCHs and T-Hg, concentrations were significantly higher in T. aduncus than in S. longirostris. For other POP levels, intra-species variability was high. MeO-PBDEs were the dominant compounds (55% of the total POPs) in S. longirostris, while PCBs dominated (50% contribution) in T. aduncus. Other contaminants showed similar profiles between the two species. Given the different patterns of POPs and T-Hg contamination and the δ(15)N values observed among analyzed teleosts, dietary and foraging habitat preferences most likely explain the contrasted contaminant profiles observed in the two dolphin species. Levels of each class of contaminants were significantly higher in males than females. Despite their spatial and temporal overlap in the waters of La Réunion, S. longirostris and T. aduncus are differently exposed to contaminant accumulation.
由于小型鲸类处于较高的营养级且寿命较长，它们被视为监测海洋生态系统中污染物存在情况的合适生物指示物种。在此，我们记录了从留尼汪岛（印度洋西南部）沿海水域采集的长吻飞旋原海豚（Stenella longirostris，n = 21）和印太瓶鼻海豚（Tursiops aduncus，n = 32）体内持久性有机污染物（POPs）和总汞（T-Hg）的污染情况。此外，还对七种同域分布的硬骨鱼类进行了采样和分析。对活体海豚的脂肪样本以及硬骨鱼的肌肉样本进行了多氯联苯（PCBs）、滴滴涕及其代谢物（DDTs）、氯丹（CHLs）、六氯环己烷（HCHs）、六氯苯（HCB）和多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）的分析。还对据报道具有天然来源的甲氧基化多溴二苯醚（MeO-PBDEs）进行了分析。在两种海豚物种的脂肪和皮肤活检样本中测量了T-Hg水平。在海豚的皮肤以及硬骨鱼的肌肉中测定了稳定同位素δ(13)C和δ(15)N值。对于PCBs、HCHs和T-Hg，印太瓶鼻海豚体内的浓度显著高于长吻飞旋原海豚。对于其他POPs水平，种内变异性较高。在长吻飞旋原海豚中，MeO-PBDEs是主要化合物（占总POPs的55%），而在印太瓶鼻海豚中PCBs占主导（贡献50%）。其他污染物在这两个物种之间呈现出相似的分布特征。鉴于在分析的硬骨鱼中观察到的POPs和T-Hg污染模式以及δ(15)N值不同，饮食和觅食栖息地偏好很可能解释了在这两种海豚物种中观察到的不同污染物分布特征。各类污染物的水平在雄性中显著高于雌性。尽管长吻飞旋原海豚和印太瓶鼻海豚在留尼汪岛海域存在空间和时间上的重叠，但它们接触污染物积累的情况有所不同。
