National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health & Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Mar 1;408(7):1577-97. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.12.021. Epub 2010 Jan 22.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorinated pesticides (i.e., dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, chlordanes (CHLs), dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and mirex), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in blubber biopsy samples collected from 139 wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) during 2003-2005 in Charleston (CHS), SC and the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), FL. Dolphins accumulated a similar suite of contaminants with summation operatorPCB dominating (CHS 64%, IRL 72%), followed by summation operatorDDT (CHS 20%, IRL 17%), summation operatorCHLs (CHS 7%; IRL 7%), summation operatorPBDE (CHS 4%, IRL 2%), PAH at 2%, and dieldrin, PFCs and mirex each 1% or less. Together summation operatorPCB and summation operatorDDT concentrations contributed approximately 87% of the total POCs measured in blubber of adult males. summation operatorPCBs in adult male dolphins exceed the established PCB threshold of 17mg/kg by a 5-fold order of magnitude with a 15-fold increase for many animals; 88% of the dolphins exceed this threshold. For male dolphins, CHS (93,980ng/g lipid) had a higher summation operatorPCBs geomean compared to the IRL (79,752ng/g lipid) although not statistically different. In adult males, the PBDE geometric mean concentration was significantly higher in CHS (5920ng/g lipid) than the IRL (1487ng/g). Blubber summation operatorPFCs concentrations were significantly higher in CHS dolphins. In addition to differences in concentration of PCB congeners, summation operatorPBDE, TEQ, summation operatorCHLs, mirex, dieldrin, and the ratios summation operatorDDE/ summation operatorDDT and trans-nonachlor/cis-nonachlor were the most informative for discriminating contaminant loads in these two dolphin populations. Collectively, the current summation operatorPCB, summation operatorDDT, and summation operatorPBDEs blubber concentrations found in CHS dolphins are among the highest reported values in marine mammals. Both dolphin populations, particularly those in CHS, carry a suite of organic chemicals at or above the level where adverse effects have been reported in wildlife, humans, and laboratory animals warranting further examination of the potential adverse effects of these exposures.
多氯联苯 (PCBs)、氯代杀虫剂（如滴滴涕 (DDT) 及其代谢物氯丹 (CHLs)、狄氏剂、六氯苯 (HCB) 和灭蚁灵）、多溴二苯醚 (PBDEs)、全氟化学品 (PFCs) 和多环芳烃 (PAHs) 在 2003-2005 年期间从查尔斯顿 (CHS) 和印第安河泻湖 (IRL) 的 139 只野生宽吻海豚 (Tursiops truncatus) 的鲸脂活检样本中进行了测量。海豚积累了类似的污染物组合，其中多氯联苯总和占主导地位 (CHS 占 64%，IRL 占 72%)，其次是滴滴涕总和 (CHS 占 20%，IRL 占 17%)、氯丹总和 (CHS 占 7%；IRL 占 7%)、PBDE 总和 (CHS 占 4%，IRL 占 2%)、PAH 占 2%，狄氏剂、PFCs 和灭蚁灵各占 1%或更少。总的来说，多氯联苯总和和滴滴涕总和浓度约占成年雄性鲸脂中测量到的总有机氯化合物的 87%。成年雄性海豚体内的多氯联苯总和超过了既定的 17mg/kg 的多氯联苯阈值，是该阈值的 5 倍，许多动物体内的多氯联苯总和增加了 15 倍；88%的海豚超过了这一阈值。对于雄性海豚，查尔斯顿 (93,980ng/g 脂质) 的多氯联苯总和几何平均值高于印第安河泻湖 (79,752ng/g 脂质)，尽管没有统计学差异。在成年雄性海豚中，查尔斯顿 (5920ng/g 脂质) 的 PBDE 几何平均值浓度明显高于印第安河泻湖 (1487ng/g)。查尔斯顿海豚的鲸脂多氟化学品浓度显著较高。除了多氯联苯同系物浓度的差异外，PBDE、TEQ、氯丹总和、灭蚁灵、狄氏剂和反式-滴滴伊/滴滴涕比值以及顺式-非诺氯/反式-非诺氯比值是区分这两个海豚种群污染物负荷的最具信息量的指标。总的来说，目前在查尔斯顿海豚体内发现的多氯联苯总和、滴滴涕总和和 PBDEs 鲸脂浓度是海洋哺乳动物中报告的最高值之一。这两个海豚种群，特别是查尔斯顿的海豚种群，携带的一系列有机化学品处于或高于已在野生动物、人类和实验动物中报告出现不良反应的水平，这需要进一步研究这些暴露的潜在不良影响。
