Noyes Jane, Hendry Margaret, Lewin Simon, Glenton Claire, Chandler Jackie, Rashidian Arash
School of Social Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2EF, UK.
North Wales Centre for Primary Care Research, Bangor University, Gwenfro Units 4-8, Wrexham Technology Park, Wrexham LL13 7YP, UK.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2016 Jun;74:133-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.01.009. Epub 2016 Jan 15.
To compare the contribution of "trial-sibling" and "unrelated" qualitative studies in complex intervention reviews.
Researchers are using qualitative "trial-sibling" studies undertaken alongside trials to provide explanations to understand complex interventions. In the absence of qualitative "trial-sibling" studies, it is not known if qualitative studies "unrelated" to trials are helpful. Trials, "trial-sibling," and "unrelated" qualitative studies looking at three health system interventions were identified. We looked for similarities and differences between the two types of qualitative studies, such as participants, intervention delivery, context, study quality and reporting, and contribution to understanding trial results.
Reporting was generally poor in both qualitative study types. We detected no substantial differences in participant characteristics. Interventions in qualitative "trial-sibling" studies were delivered using standardized protocols, whereas interventions in "unrelated" qualitative studies were delivered in routine care. Qualitative "trial-sibling" studies alone provided insufficient data to develop meaningful transferrable explanations beyond the trial context, and their limited focus on immediate implementation did not address all phenomena of interest. Together, "trial-sibling" and "unrelated" qualitative studies provided larger, richer data sets across contexts to better understand the phenomena of interest.
Findings support inclusion of "trial-sibling" and "unrelated" qualitative studies to explore complexity in complex intervention reviews.
