Sheehan Lindsay, Nieweglowski Katherine, Corrigan Patrick
Illinois Institute of Technology, 3424 S. State Street, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2016 Jan;18(1):11. doi: 10.1007/s11920-015-0654-1.
This article reviews the recent literature on the stigma of personality disorders, including an overview of general mental illness stigma and an examination of the personality-specific stigma. Overall, public knowledge of personality disorders is low, and people with personality disorders may be perceived as purposefully misbehaving rather than experiencing an illness. Health provider stigma seems particularly pernicious for those with borderline personality disorder. Most stigma research on personality disorders has been completed outside the USA, and few stigma-change interventions specific to personality disorder have been scientifically tested. Limited evidence suggests that health provider training can improve stigmatizing attitudes and that interventions combining positive messages of recovery potential with biological etiology will be most impactful to reduce stigma. Anti-stigma interventions designed specifically for health providers, family members, criminal justice personnel, and law enforcement seem particularly beneficial, given these sources of stigma.
本文回顾了近期关于人格障碍污名化的文献，包括对一般精神疾病污名的概述以及对人格障碍特异性污名的审视。总体而言，公众对人格障碍的认知度较低，患有人格障碍的人可能被视为故意行为不端而非患病。对于边缘型人格障碍患者来说，医疗服务提供者的污名似乎尤其有害。大多数关于人格障碍的污名研究是在美国以外完成的，很少有专门针对人格障碍的污名改变干预措施经过科学测试。有限的证据表明，医疗服务提供者培训可以改善污名化态度，将康复潜力的积极信息与生物学病因相结合的干预措施对减少污名最为有效。鉴于这些污名来源，专门为医疗服务提供者、家庭成员、刑事司法人员和执法人员设计的反污名干预措施似乎特别有益。
