沙特阿拉伯西部健康幼儿和学龄前儿童的维生素D缺乏症

Hypovitaminosis D in Healthy Toddlers and Preschool Children from Western Saudi Arabia.

作者信息

Kensarah Osama A, Jazar Abdelelah S, Azzeh Firas S

机构信息

1 Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

出版信息

Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2015;85(1-2):50-60. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000223.

DOI:10.1024/0300-9831/a000223

PMID:26780277

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Vitamin D deficiency is common in Saudi Arabia. No sufficient data are available on the vitamin D status of preschool children.

AIMS

To investigate the vitamin D status among toddlers and preschool children and to evaluate the factors associated with hypovitaminosis D in Western Saudi Arabia.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 503 preschool children in Makkah. The children were divided into two age categories: 1 - 3 years (toddlers) and 3 - 6 years (preschool). Sociodemographic factors, life-style factors, eating habits, body mass index (BMI), 25-(OH)-vitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorous, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations were determined.

RESULTS

Sixty-three % of children had a vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D in toddlers was significantly higher than in preschool children. Vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with BMI (r = - 0.419, P < 0.001), and duration of breast feeding (r = - 0.270, P = 0.027), but a significant positive correlation with vitamin D intake (r = 0.335, P = 0.021), calcium intake (r = 0.25, P = 0.029), duration of formula feeding (r = 0.354, P = 0.019), and outdoor physical activity (r = 0.381, P = 0.011) was found. Multivariable predictors of hypovitaminosis D were preschool age (OR = 11, [95 % CI: 2.78 - 43.57], P < 0.001), outdoor physical inactivity (OR = 2.44, [95 % CI: 0.93 - 14.12], P < 0.001), obesity (OR = 2.3, [95 % CI: 1.25 - 7.08], P = 0.008), overweight (OR = 2.16, [95 % CI: 1.18 - 6.01], P = 0.039), inadequate vitamin D intake (OR = 1.65, [95 % CI: 1.12 - 2.53], P = 0.012), exclusive formula feeding (OR = 0.53, [95 % CI: 0.41 - 0.72], P < 0.001), and breast and formula feeding (OR = 0.62 [95 % CI: 0.39 - 0.88], P = 0.002).

CONCLUSION

Hypovitaminosis D is a public health concern, especially in preschool children. Possible determinants of low vitamin D status in preschool children in the Makkah region could be related to age, high BMI, inadequate vitamin D intake, exclusive breastfeeding, and outdoor physical inactivity.

摘要

背景

维生素D缺乏在沙特阿拉伯很常见。目前尚无关于学龄前儿童维生素D状况的充分数据。

目的

调查沙特阿拉伯西部学步儿童和学龄前儿童的维生素D状况，并评估与维生素D缺乏症相关的因素。

方法

对麦加的503名学龄前儿童进行了一项横断面研究。这些儿童被分为两个年龄组：1至3岁（学步儿童）和3至6岁（学龄前儿童）。测定了社会人口统计学因素、生活方式因素、饮食习惯、体重指数（BMI）、25-（OH）-维生素D3、甲状旁腺激素、钙、磷和碱性磷酸酶浓度。

结果

63%的儿童存在维生素D缺乏。学步儿童的维生素D水平显著高于学龄前儿童。维生素D水平与BMI（r = -0.419，P < 0.001）和母乳喂养持续时间（r = -0.270，P = 0.027）呈负相关，但与维生素D摄入量（r = 0.335，P = 0.021）、钙摄入量（r = 0.25，P = 0.029）、配方奶喂养持续时间（r = 0.354，P = 0.019）和户外体育活动（r = 0.381，P = 0.011）呈显著正相关。维生素D缺乏症的多变量预测因素为学龄前年龄（OR = 11，[95%CI：2.78 - 43.57]，P < 0.001）、户外体育活动不足（OR = 2.44，[95%CI：0.93 - 14.12]，P < 0.001）、肥胖（OR = 2.3，[95%CI：1.25 - 7.08]，P = 0.008）、超重（OR = 2.16，[95%CI：1.18 - 6.01]，P = 0.039）、维生素D摄入不足（OR = 1.65，[95%CI：1.12 - 2.53]，P = 0.012）、纯配方奶喂养（OR = 0.53，[95%CI：0.41 - 0.72]，P < 0.001）以及母乳喂养和配方奶喂养（OR = 0.62 [95%CI：0.39 - 0.88]，P = 0.002）。