Steiner R
Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1989 Sep;12(3):741-70.
This article describes the Kleinian approach to narcissism. During the last 70 years, Klein and her followers came to the conclusion that clinically and theoretically speaking, psychoanalysts are dealing only with more or less severe forms of secondary narcissism. Freud's concept of primary narcissism is considered obsolete. Narcissism, according to the Kleinian approach, is a pathologic defense against the pain caused by the first primitive object relationship: that to the mother breast as described by Klein. Greed, destructive emotions, and impulses that manifest themselves through envy, omnipotent denial of dependence, megalomanic idealization of the self, and confusion with the external object erotization of destructiveness play a fundamental part in narcissism. Of particular clinical importance, in contemporary Kleinian thinking and analytic technique, is the concept of narcissistic destructive organizations as described by Rosenfeld, Meltzer, and Segal.
本文介绍了克莱因派对于自恋的研究方法。在过去70年里，克莱因及其追随者得出结论，从临床和理论角度而言，精神分析学家处理的仅仅是或多或少严重程度的继发性自恋形式。弗洛伊德的原发性自恋概念被认为过时了。根据克莱因派的研究方法，自恋是对由最初原始客体关系所引发痛苦的一种病理性防御：即克莱因所描述的与母亲乳房的关系。贪婪、破坏性情绪以及通过嫉妒、对依赖的全能否认、自我的夸大狂式理想化以及与外部客体的混淆（破坏性的性欲化）表现出来的冲动，在自恋中起着根本性作用。在当代克莱因派的思想和分析技术中，罗森菲尔德、梅尔策和西格尔所描述的自恋性破坏组织概念具有特别重要的临床意义。
