West Marcus
J Anal Psychol. 2010 Sep;55(4):459-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5922.2010.01860.x.
This paper explores five examples of envy, examining the similarities and differences between the clinical situations. The theory relating to envy is extensively reviewed and a critique of the Kleinian position is offered, suggesting that the aversion to separation and difference is not only prior to, but also has explanatory precedence over, the functioning of envy. Kleinian examples are explored in this light. The experience of separateness and difference is understood to lead to a number of outcomes: envy, admiration, competitiveness, a sense of low self-esteem and inadequacy, or a fear of being envied. It is argued that the individual's particular personality organization and their associated relational pattern will determine their experience of envy. Examples of schizoid, borderline, narcissistic and hysteric functioning in relation to envy are examined in some depth. The link between these phenomena and the death instinct is touched on.
本文探讨了五个嫉妒的例子，审视了这些临床情境之间的异同。与嫉妒相关的理论得到了广泛回顾，并对克莱因派的观点提出了批评，认为对分离和差异的厌恶不仅先于嫉妒的运作，而且在解释上具有优先性。据此对克莱因派的例子进行了探讨。对分离和差异的体验被认为会导致多种结果：嫉妒、钦佩、竞争、自卑和不足感，或害怕被嫉妒。本文认为，个体特定的人格结构及其相关的关系模式将决定他们的嫉妒体验。文中还深入考察了与嫉妒相关的分裂样、边缘型、自恋型和癔症型功能的例子。还提及了这些现象与死亡本能之间的联系。
