Ajala E O, Aberuagba F, Olaniyan A M, Onifade K R
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.
J Food Sci Technol. 2016 Jan;53(1):730-8. doi: 10.1007/s13197-015-2033-7. Epub 2015 Sep 24.
Shea butter (SB) was extracted from its kernel by using n-hexane as solvent in an optimization study. This was to determine the optima operating variables that would give optimum yield of SB and to study the effect of solvent on the physico-chemical properties and chemical composition of SB extracted using n-hexane. A Box-behnken response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization study while statistical analysis using ANOVA was used to test the significance of the variables for the process. The variables considered for this study were: sample weight (g), solvent volume (ml) and extraction time (min). The physico-chemical properties of SB extracted were determined using standard methods and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for the chemical composition. The results of RSM analysis showed that the three variables investigated have significant effect (p < 0.05) on the %yield of SB, with R(2) - 0.8989 which showed good fitness of a second-order model. Based on this model, optima operating variables for the extraction process were established as: sample weight of 30.04 g, solvent volume of 346.04 ml and extraction time of 40 min, which gave 66.90 % yield of SB. Furthermore, the result of the physico-chemical properties obtained for the shea butter extracted using traditional method (SBT) showed that it is a more suitable raw material for food, biodiesel production, cosmetics, medicinal and pharmaceutical purposes than shea butter extracted using solvent extraction method (SBS). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) results obtained for the two samples were similar to what was obtainable from other vegetable oil.
在一项优化研究中，以正己烷为溶剂从乳木果核中提取乳木果油（SB）。目的是确定能使SB获得最佳产量的最佳操作变量，并研究溶剂对用正己烷提取的SB的物理化学性质和化学成分的影响。采用Box-behnken响应面法（RSM）进行优化研究，同时使用方差分析（ANOVA）进行统计分析以检验该过程中变量的显著性。本研究考虑的变量为：样品重量（g）、溶剂量（ml）和提取时间（min）。用标准方法测定提取的SB的物理化学性质，并用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析化学成分。RSM分析结果表明，所研究的三个变量对SB的产率有显著影响（p < 0.05），R(2) = 0.8989，表明二阶模型拟合良好。基于该模型，确定提取过程的最佳操作变量为：样品重量30.04 g、溶剂量346.04 ml和提取时间40 min，此时SB的产率为66.90%。此外，用传统方法（SBT）提取的乳木果油的物理化学性质结果表明，与用溶剂萃取法（SBS）提取的乳木果油相比，它更适合用于食品、生物柴油生产、化妆品、医药和制药用途。两个样品的傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）结果与其他植物油的结果相似。
