Bougie Evelyne, Arim Rubab G, Kohen Dafna E, Findlay Leanne C
Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
Health Rep. 2016 Jan 20;27(1):3-10.
The 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) is a short measure of non-specific psychological distress, which has been shown to be a sensitive screen for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for anxiety and mood disorders. The scale has yet to be validated as a measure of psychological distress for Aboriginal peoples in Canada.
Using the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS), this study examined the psychometric properties of the K10 for First Nations people living off reserve, Métis, and Inuit aged 15 or older. The factor structure and internal consistency of the K10 were examined via confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Descriptive statistics by sex, education, household income, and age group were provided for the scale. K10 construct validity was further assessed by examining associations with mental health variables in the 2012 APS: self-rated mental health, self-reported diagnosed mood and anxiety disorders, and self-reported suicidal ideation in the past 12 months.
A unidimensional "Distress" model with correlated errors was a good fit to the data. Cronbach's alpha values were satisfactory. K10 mean scores were positively skewed, with most respondents reporting few or no distress symptoms. Females and respondents with lower education and household income levels had significantly higher distress. Respondents aged 55 or older had significantly lower distress than their younger counterparts. K10 mean scores were significantly higher for respondents who reported poor mental health, a diagnosed mood disorder, a diagnosed anxiety disorder, or suicidal ideation in the past 12 months. Results were consistent across all three Aboriginal groups.
Based on the 2012 APS, the total score of the K10 appears to be psychometrically sound for use as a broad measure of non-specific psychological distress for First Nations people living off reserve, Métis, and Inuit.
10项凯斯勒心理困扰量表（K10）是一种非特异性心理困扰的简短测量工具，已被证明是《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》中焦虑和情绪障碍标准的敏感筛查工具。该量表尚未被验证为加拿大原住民心理困扰的测量工具。
本研究利用2012年原住民调查（APS），对居住在保留地以外的第一民族、梅蒂斯和15岁及以上因纽特人的K10心理测量特性进行了研究。分别通过验证性因素分析和克朗巴哈系数检验K10的因素结构和内部一致性。提供了该量表按性别、教育程度、家庭收入和年龄组划分的描述性统计数据。通过检查与2012年APS中的心理健康变量的关联，进一步评估K10的结构效度：自评心理健康、自我报告诊断的情绪和焦虑障碍，以及过去12个月内自我报告的自杀意念。
具有相关误差的单维“困扰”模型与数据拟合良好。克朗巴哈系数值令人满意。K10平均得分呈正偏态分布，大多数受访者报告很少或没有困扰症状。女性以及教育程度和家庭收入水平较低的受访者困扰程度明显更高。55岁及以上的受访者困扰程度明显低于年轻受访者。在过去12个月中报告心理健康状况不佳、被诊断患有情绪障碍、被诊断患有焦虑障碍或有自杀意念的受访者，其K10平均得分明显更高。所有三个原住民群体的结果一致。
基于2012年APS，K10总分在心理测量学上似乎是可靠的，可作为居住在保留地以外的第一民族、梅蒂斯和因纽特人非特异性心理困扰的广泛测量工具。
