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美国和英国物理学家科学伦理的性别视角

A Gendered Approach to Science Ethics for US and UK Physicists.

作者信息

Ecklund Elaine Howard, Di Di

机构信息

Department of Sociology, Rice University, MS-28, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX, USA.

出版信息

Sci Eng Ethics. 2017 Feb;23(1):183-201. doi: 10.1007/s11948-016-9751-8. Epub 2016 Jan 21.

Abstract

Some research indicates that women professionals-when compared to men-may be more ethical in the workplace. Existing literature that discusses gender and ethics is confined to the for-profit business sector and primarily to a US context. In particular, there is little attention paid to gender and ethics in science professions in a global context. This represents a significant gap, as science is a rapidly growing and global professional sector, as well as one with ethically ambiguous areas. Adopting an international comparative perspective, this paper relies on 121 semi-structured interviews with US and UK academic physicists to examine how physicists perceive the impact of gender on science ethics. Findings indicate that some US and UK physicists believe that female scientists handle ethical issues within science in a feminine way whereas their male colleagues approach ethics in a masculine way. Some of these physicists further claim that these different approaches to science ethics lead to male and female scientists' different levels of competitiveness in academic physics. In both the US and the UK, there are "gender-blind" physicists, who do not think gender is related to professional ethics. Relying on physicists' nuanced descriptions this paper contributes to the current understanding of gender and science and engineering ethics.

摘要

一些研究表明,与男性相比,职业女性在工作场所可能更有道德。现有讨论性别与道德的文献局限于营利性商业部门,且主要是在美国背景下。特别是,在全球背景下,科学职业中的性别与道德问题很少受到关注。这是一个重大差距,因为科学是一个快速发展的全球性专业领域,也是一个存在道德模糊领域的领域。本文采用国际比较视角,通过对121名美国和英国学术物理学家进行半结构化访谈,来研究物理学家如何看待性别对科学道德的影响。研究结果表明,一些美国和英国的物理学家认为,女科学家以女性方式处理科学中的道德问题,而她们的男同事则以男性方式对待道德问题。其中一些物理学家进一步声称,这些不同的科学道德处理方式导致了男女科学家在学术物理领域的竞争力水平不同。在美国和英国,都有“性别盲”的物理学家,他们认为性别与职业道德无关。本文依据物理学家细致入微的描述,有助于增进当前对性别以及科学与工程道德的理解。

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