Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Mar 15;547:422-428. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.115. Epub 2016 Jan 21.
Accurately quantifying black carbon (BC) emission factors (EFs) is a prerequisite for estimation of BC emission inventory. BC EFs determined by measuring BC at the roadside or chasing a vehicle on-road may introduce large uncertainty for low emission vehicles. In this study, BC concentrations were measured inside the tailpipe of gasoline vehicles with different engine sizes under different driving modes to determine the respective EFs. BC EFs ranged from 0.005-7.14 mg/kg-fuel under the speeds of 20-70 km/h, 0.05-28.95 mg/kg-fuel under the accelerations of 0.5-1.5m/s(2). Although the water vapor in the sampling stream could result in an average of 12% negative bias, the BC EFs are significantly lower than the published results obtained with roadside or chasing vehicle measurement. It is suggested to conduct measurement at the tailpipe of gasoline vehicles instead of in the atmosphere behind the vehicles to reduce the uncertainty from fluctuation in ambient BC concentration.
准确量化黑碳（BC）排放因子（EF）是估算 BC 排放清单的前提。在路边测量 BC 或在道路上追踪车辆来确定 BC EF，可能会给低排放车辆带来较大的不确定性。本研究通过测量不同发动机大小的汽油车在不同驾驶模式下的排气管内的 BC 浓度，来确定各自的 EF。在速度为 20-70km/h 时，EF 范围为 0.005-7.14mg/kg-燃料；在加速度为 0.5-1.5m/s(2)时，EF 范围为 0.05-28.95mg/kg-燃料。尽管采样流中的水蒸气可能导致平均 12%的负偏差，但 BC EF 明显低于用路边或追车测量获得的已发表结果。建议在汽油车的排气管内进行测量，而不是在车辆后方的大气中进行，以减少因环境 BC 浓度波动而产生的不确定性。
