Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR-Pathology West, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016 Aug;22(8):670-80. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.01.011. Epub 2016 Jan 23.
There are three broad groups of non-Aspergillus moulds: the mucormycetes, the hyalohyphomycetes and the phaeohyphomycetes. Infections with these pathogens are increasingly reported, particularly in the context of increasing use of immunosuppressant agents and improved diagnostics. The epidemiology of non-Aspergillus mould infections varies with geography, climate and level of immunosuppression. Skin and soft-tissue infections are the predominant presentation in the immunocompetent host and pulmonary and other invasive infections in the immunocompromised host. The more common non-Aspergillus moulds include Rhizopus, Mucor, Fusarium and Scedosporium species; however, other emerging pathogens are Rasamsonia and Verruconis species, which are discussed in this article. Outbreaks of non-Aspergillus mould infections have been increasingly reported, with contaminated medical supplies and natural disasters as common sources. Currently culture and other conventional diagnostic methods are the cornerstone of diagnosis. Molecular methods to directly detect and identify mould pathogens in tissue and body fluids are increasingly used.
毛霉菌、透明丝孢霉和暗色丝孢霉。这些病原体的感染越来越多地被报道，尤其是在免疫抑制剂的使用增加和诊断方法改善的情况下。非曲霉霉菌感染的流行病学因地理位置、气候和免疫抑制程度而异。在免疫功能正常的宿主中，皮肤和软组织感染是主要表现，而在免疫功能低下的宿主中，肺部和其他侵袭性感染是主要表现。更常见的非曲霉霉菌包括根霉属、毛霉属、镰孢霉属和帚霉属；然而，本文还讨论了其他新兴的病原体，如拉沙姆逊菌和弯孢霉属。非曲霉霉菌感染的暴发越来越多，污染的医疗用品和自然灾害是常见的来源。目前，培养和其他常规诊断方法是诊断的基石。越来越多地使用分子方法直接检测和鉴定组织和体液中的霉菌病原体。
