Liamis George, Filippatos Theodosios D, Elisaf Moses S
a Department of Internal Medicine , School of Medicine, University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece.
Postgrad Med. 2016;128(3):299-306. doi: 10.1080/00325481.2016.1147322. Epub 2016 Feb 23.
Hypernatremia (serum sodium concentration >145 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte disorder with increased morbidity and mortality especially in the elderly and critically ill patients. The review presents the main pathogenetic mechanisms of hypernatremia, provides specific directions for the evaluation of patients with increased sodium levels and describes a detailed algorithm for the proper correction of hypernatremia. Furthermore, two representative cases of hypovolemic and hypervolemic hypernatremia are presented along with practical clues for their proper evaluation and treatment. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment is crucial since undercorrection or overcorrection of hypernatremia are both associated with poor patients' prognosis.
高钠血症（血清钠浓度>145 mEq/L）是一种常见的电解质紊乱，发病率和死亡率增加，尤其在老年人和危重病患者中。本文综述了高钠血症的主要发病机制，为评估血钠水平升高的患者提供了具体指导，并描述了正确纠正高钠血症的详细算法。此外，还介绍了低血容量性和高血容量性高钠血症的两个代表性病例，以及对其进行正确评估和治疗的实用线索。准确诊断和恰当治疗至关重要，因为高钠血症纠正不足或过度纠正均与患者不良预后相关。
