多次繁殖物种溪红点鲑的有效繁殖个体数、有效种群大小及其与普查规模的关系
Effective number of breeders, effective population size and their relationship with census size in an iteroparous species, Salvelinus fontinalis.
作者信息
Ruzzante Daniel E, McCracken Gregory R, Parmelee Samantha, Hill Kristen, Corrigan Amelia, MacMillan John, Walde Sandra J
机构信息
Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H4R2
Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H4R2.
出版信息
Proc Biol Sci. 2016 Jan 27;283(1823). doi: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2601.
The relationship between the effective number of breeders (Nb) and the generational effective size (Ne) has rarely been examined empirically in species with overlapping generations and iteroparity. Based on a suite of 11 microsatellite markers, we examine the relationship between Nb, Ne and census population size (Nc) in 14 brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations inhabiting 12 small streams in Nova Scotia and sampled at least twice between 2009 and 2015. Unbiased estimates of Nb obtained with individuals of a single cohort, adjusted on the basis of age at first maturation (α) and adult lifespan (AL), were from 1.66 to 0.24 times the average estimates of Ne obtained with random samples of individuals of mixed ages (i.e. [Formula: see text]). In turn, these differences led to adjusted Ne estimates that were from nearly five to 0.7 times the estimates derived from mixed-aged individuals. These differences translate into the same range of variation in the ratio of effective to census population size [Formula: see text] within populations. Adopting [Formula: see text] as the more precise and unbiased estimates, we found that these brook trout populations differ markedly in their effective to census population sizes (range approx. 0.3 to approx. 0.01). Using AgeNe, we then showed that the variance in reproductive success or reproductive skew varied among populations by a factor of 40, from Vk/k ≈ 5 to 200. These results suggest wide differences in population dynamics, probably resulting from differences in productivity affecting the intensity of competition for access to mates or redds, and thus reproductive skew. Understanding the relationship between Ne, Nb and Nc, and how these relate to population dynamics and fluctuations in population size, are important for the design of robust conservation strategies in small populations with overlapping generations and iteroparity.
在具有世代重叠和多次繁殖的物种中，有效繁殖个体数量（Nb）与世代有效种群大小（Ne）之间的关系很少得到实证研究。基于一组11个微卫星标记，我们研究了新斯科舍省12条小溪中14个溪鳟（Salvelinus fontinalis）种群的Nb、Ne与普查种群大小（Nc）之间的关系，这些种群在2009年至2015年期间至少被采样两次。通过单一年龄组个体获得的Nb的无偏估计，根据首次成熟年龄（α）和成年寿命（AL）进行调整，是通过混合年龄个体随机样本获得的Ne平均估计值的1.66至0.24倍（即[公式：见原文]）。反过来，这些差异导致调整后的Ne估计值是混合年龄个体估计值的近五倍至0.7倍。这些差异在种群内有效种群大小与普查种群大小的比率[公式：见原文]中转化为相同范围的变化。采用[公式：见原文]作为更精确和无偏的估计，我们发现这些溪鳟种群的有效种群大小与普查种群大小存在显著差异（范围约为0.3至约0.01）。然后，我们使用AgeNe表明，繁殖成功率或繁殖偏态的方差在不同种群之间相差40倍，从Vk/k≈5到200。这些结果表明种群动态存在广泛差异，可能是由于生产力差异影响了获取配偶或产卵地的竞争强度，从而导致繁殖偏态。了解Ne、Nb和Nc之间的关系，以及它们如何与种群动态和种群大小波动相关，对于设计具有世代重叠和多次繁殖的小种群的稳健保护策略非常重要。
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