Wittern R
Hist Philos Life Sci. 1989;11(1):3-22.
In his comprehensive Oeuvre, Galen of Pergamon, who interpreted and perfected Hippocratic medicine, made many times and in various contexts mention of the intermittent fevers, among which malaria undoubtedly held a prominent position. The following article gives an outline of Galen's theoretical concept of this infectious disease, which was of utmost importance for the history of Italy. Galen describes three different types of intermittent fevers, of which, according to his theory of humoural pathology, each one is caused by a special humour with its respective qualities. Thus the quotidian fever is caused by phlegm, the tertian fever by the yellow bile and the quartan fever by the black bile. Apart from the three basic types of fever Galen describes a number of other mixed forms which can either be developed out of identical types or out of different ones. A mixture of a special kind is febris semitertiana: a continuous quotidian is accompanied by an intermittent tertian. It is the worst and most dangerous of these fevers. On the whole Galen's theory of malaria is a paradigm for his forming the reality of diseases on the basis of his pre-knowledge of humoural pathology into a closed system of theory.
在其全面的著作中，诠释并完善了希波克拉底医学的帕加马的盖伦多次且在不同语境下提及了间歇热，其中疟疾无疑占据显著地位。以下文章概述了盖伦对于这种传染病的理论概念，这对意大利历史极为重要。盖伦描述了三种不同类型的间歇热，根据他的体液病理学理论，每一种都由具有各自特性的特殊体液引起。因此，每日发热由黏液引起，三日热由黄胆汁引起，四日热由黑胆汁引起。除了这三种基本类型的发热，盖伦还描述了许多其他混合形式，它们既可以由相同类型发展而来，也可以由不同类型发展而来。一种特殊的混合形式是半三日热：持续的每日发热伴有间歇的三日热。它是这些发热中最严重且最危险的。总体而言，盖伦的疟疾理论是他基于体液病理学的先验知识将疾病现实构建成一个封闭理论体系的范例。
