Muluk Nuray Bayar, Bayoğlu Birgül, Anlar Banu
Department of Ear Nose and Throat Disease, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Birlik Mahallesi, Zirvekent 2. Etap Sitesi, C-3 Blok, No: 62/43, 06610 Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
Ear Nose Throat J. 2016 Jan;95(1):E23-9. doi: 10.1177/014556131609500107.
We conducted a study to assess the factors that affect language development in infants and toddlers using data obtained during developmental screening. Our study group consisted of 505 children-244 (48.3%) boys and 261 (51.7%) girls, aged 5 to 27 months. The children were divided into four age groups: group 1, which we designated as the "6 months" group (age range: 5 to 7 mo); group 2, designated as the "12 months" group (11 to 13 mo); group 3, designated as the "18 months" group (17 to 19 mo); and group 4, designated as the "24 months" group (23 to 27 mo). In addition to demographic data, we compiled data using the Denver II Developmental Screening Test, as well as neurologic examination findings and medical histories. At 6 months, the social item "Works for toy out of reach" was positively related to all language development items. Two gross motor development items-"Pull to sit, no head lag" and "Lifts chest with arm support"-were related to the "Turns to sound" and "Turns to voice" items, respectively. Overall, children whose mothers had higher education levels and who were living in higher socioeconomic areas showed significantly greater language development, as did boys, specifically. At 12 months, higher maternal ages, some gross motor development items, and some social items were related to better language development, and children living in higher socioeconomic areas had a significantly increased ability to pass the "4 words other than mama/dada" item. At 18 months, the ability of girls to pass the "4 words other than mama/dada" item increased, and children who passed the "4 words other than mama/dada" item did not pass the "Throws ball" gross motor item. At 24 months, children whose mothers were older had better "Combines 2 words" and "Speech half intelligible" items, girls had better "Comprehends prepositions (such as under/above)" skills, and boys had better "Shows 4 parts of doll" skills. We conclude that language items appear to change together with gross motor items and social development, and that they can be influenced by a family's socioeconomic level. However, as children get older, language development diverges from gross motor development.
我们进行了一项研究，以利用发育筛查期间获得的数据评估影响婴幼儿语言发育的因素。我们的研究组由505名儿童组成，其中244名（48.3%）为男孩，261名（51.7%）为女孩，年龄在5至27个月之间。这些儿童被分为四个年龄组：第1组，我们将其指定为“6个月”组（年龄范围：5至7个月）；第2组，指定为“12个月”组（11至13个月）；第3组，指定为“18个月”组（17至19个月）；第4组，指定为“24个月”组（23至27个月）。除人口统计学数据外，我们还使用丹佛发育筛查测验第二版、神经系统检查结果和病史收集数据。在6个月时，社会项目“伸手够不到的玩具能玩”与所有语言发育项目呈正相关。两项大运动发育项目——“拉坐，无头部后垂”和“用手臂支撑抬起胸部”——分别与“转向声音”和“转向声音来源”项目相关。总体而言，母亲受教育程度较高且生活在社会经济水平较高地区的儿童，尤其是男孩，语言发育明显更好。在12个月时，母亲年龄较大、一些大运动发育项目和一些社会项目与更好的语言发育相关，生活在社会经济水平较高地区的儿童通过“除妈妈/爸爸外说出4个单词”项目的能力显著提高。在18个月时，女孩通过“除妈妈/爸爸外说出4个单词”项目的能力有所提高，通过“除妈妈/爸爸外说出4个单词”项目的儿童未通过“扔球”大运动项目。在24个月时，母亲年龄较大的儿童在“组合两个单词”和“言语半理解”项目上表现更好，女孩在“理解介词（如在……下面/上面）”技能方面表现更好，男孩在“指出娃娃的4个部位”技能方面表现更好。我们得出结论，语言项目似乎与大运动项目和社会发育一起变化，并且它们会受到家庭社会经济水平的影响。然而，随着儿童年龄增长，语言发育与大运动发育出现分化。
