Petrov A A, Lebedev V N, Kulish V S, Pyshnaya N S, Stovba L F, Borisevich S V
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2015 Sep-Oct(5):103-10.
Epidemiologic analysis of epidemic outbreaks caused by American equine encephalitis causative agents is carried out in the review. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE), Western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) and Venezuela equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) viruses are etiologic agents of dangerous transmissive diseases that are usually accompanied by fever and neurologic symptoms. Among the New World alphaviruses, VEE virus has the most potential danger for humans and domestic animals. Currently, enzootic strains of VEE play an increasing role as etiologic agents of human diseases. Most of the VEE cases in humans in endemic regions during inter-epidemic period are caused by infection with VEE subtype ID virus. A possibility of emergence of novel epidemic outbreaks of VEE is determined by mutations of ID subtype strains into IC subtype, and those currently pose a potential threat as an etiologic agent of the disease. Despite low morbidity, EEE and WEE are a problem for healthcare due to a relatively high frequency of lethal outcomes of the disease.
本综述对由美洲马脑炎病原体引起的疫情爆发进行了流行病学分析。东部马脑脊髓炎（EEE）病毒、西部马脑脊髓炎（WEE）病毒和委内瑞拉马脑脊髓炎（VEE）病毒是危险的传播性疾病的病原体，这些疾病通常伴有发热和神经症状。在新大陆甲病毒中，VEE病毒对人类和家畜具有最大的潜在危险。目前，VEE的地方性毒株作为人类疾病的病原体发挥着越来越大的作用。流行间期流行地区人类的大多数VEE病例是由感染VEE ID亚型病毒引起的。VEE新的疫情爆发的可能性取决于ID亚型毒株突变为IC亚型，而这些毒株目前作为该疾病的病原体构成潜在威胁。尽管EEE和WEE的发病率较低，但由于该疾病致死率相对较高，它们仍是医疗保健面临的一个问题。
