Torres Rolando, Samudio Rafael, Carrera Jean-Paul, Young Josue, Márquez Ricardo, Hurtado Lisbeth, Weaver Scott, Chaves Luis Fernando, Tesh Robert, Cáceres Lorenzo
Instituto Commemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Ciudad de Panamá, República de Panamá, Departmento de Entomología Medica.
Mastozoological Society of Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, República de Panamá.
PLoS One. 2017 Sep 22;12(9):e0185491. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185491. eCollection 2017.
The identification of mosquito vector species present at arboviral enzootic transmission foci is important to understand transmission eco-epidemiology and to propose and implement prevention and control strategies that reduce vector-borne equine encephalitis transmission. The goal of this study was to identify mosquito species potentially involved in the transmission of enzootic equine encephalitis, in relation to their abundance and diversity at three endemic regions in the República de Panamá. We sampled adult mosquitoes during the dry and rainy season of Panamá. We employed CDC light traps with octanol, EV traps with CO2 and Trinidad 17 traps baited with live hamsters. Traps were deployed in the peridomicile and extradomicile of houses from 18:00 to 6:00 h. We estimated the abundance and diversity of sampled species. We collected a total of 4868 mosquitoes, belonging to 45 species and 11 genera, over 216 sampling nights. Culex (Melanoconion) pedroi, a major Venezuelan equine encephalitis vector was relatively rare (< 2.0% of all sampled mosquitoes). We also found Cx. (Mel) adamesi, Cx. (Mel) crybda, Cx. (Mel) ocossa, Cx. (Mel) spissipes, Cx. (Mel) taeniopus, Cx. (Mel) vomerifer, Aedes scapularis, Ae. angustivittatus, Coquillettidia venezuelensis, Cx. nigripalpus, Cx. declarator, Mansonia titillans, M. pseudotitillans and Psorophora ferox all species known to be vectorially competent for the transmission of arboviruses. Abundance and diversity of mosquitoes in the sampled locations was high, when compared with similar surveys in temperate areas. Information from previous reports about vectorial competence / capacity of the sampled mosquito species suggest that sampled locations have all the elements to support enzootic outbreaks of Venezuelan and Eastern equine encephalitides.
确定存在于虫媒病毒自然疫源地传播焦点的蚊媒种类，对于理解传播生态流行病学以及提出和实施减少蚊媒传播马脑炎传播的预防和控制策略至关重要。本研究的目的是确定在巴拿马共和国三个流行地区，与流行性马脑炎传播潜在相关的蚊种，及其丰度和多样性。我们在巴拿马的旱季和雨季对成年蚊子进行采样。我们使用了带有辛醇的疾控中心诱蚊灯、带有二氧化碳的EV诱蚊器以及用活仓鼠作诱饵的特立尼达17型诱蚊器。诱蚊器于18:00至6:00放置在房屋的住家周围和住家外。我们估计了采样种类的丰度和多样性。在216个采样夜期间，我们共采集到4868只蚊子，分属于45个种类和11个属。委内瑞拉马脑炎主要传播媒介——佩德罗库蚊（黑须库蚊亚属）相对稀少（占所有采样蚊子的比例不到2.0%）。我们还发现了阿达梅斯库蚊（黑须库蚊亚属）、克里布达库蚊（黑须库蚊亚属）、奥科萨库蚊（黑须库蚊亚属）、厚足库蚊（黑须库蚊亚属）、带足库蚊（黑须库蚊亚属）、犁鼻库蚊（黑须库蚊亚属）、肩斑伊蚊、窄带伊蚊、委内瑞拉库蠓、黑足库蚊、宣告库蚊、骚扰曼蚊、伪骚扰曼蚊和凶猛骚蚊，所有这些种类均已知具有传播虫媒病毒的能力。与温带地区的类似调查相比，采样地点的蚊子丰度和多样性较高。先前有关采样蚊种传播能力/容量的报告信息表明，采样地点具备支持委内瑞拉马脑炎和东部马脑炎自然疫源地暴发的所有要素。
