Castaing D, Morino M
Rev Prat. 1989 Oct 1;39(22):1938-44.
The assessment of pancreatic and biliary tract carcinoma extension obviously depends on the possibilities of treatment. Resection being the only treatment of these malignancies, the assessment must be conducted in such a way as to search for its contra-indications, and it will deal successively with the patient's operability, the distal extension of the tumour (thoracic CT scan, Abdominal CT scan, ultrasonography of the liver and abdomen) and its local and regional extension (ultrasonography of the liver and pancreas, transparietal transhepatic cholangiography, angiography). If these examinations show no formal contra-indication to surgery, then exploratory laparotomy will be performed to determine whether the operation is technically feasible and whether it should consist of resection or palliative bypass.
胰腺和胆道癌扩展情况的评估显然取决于治疗的可能性。手术切除是这些恶性肿瘤的唯一治疗方法，因此评估必须以寻找其禁忌症的方式进行，并且要依次评估患者的可手术性、肿瘤的远端扩展情况（胸部CT扫描、腹部CT扫描、肝脏和腹部超声检查）及其局部和区域扩展情况（肝脏和胰腺超声检查、经皮经肝胆管造影、血管造影）。如果这些检查未显示手术存在明确禁忌症，则将进行剖腹探查，以确定手术在技术上是否可行，以及手术应采取切除还是姑息性旁路手术。
