Leung Cherry S, Lu Song, Li Jiatao, Wu William Kk, Lui Kathy O
Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2018;13(5):336-344. doi: 10.2174/1574888X11666160201120129.
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that can modulate gene expression at posttranscriptional level, and they participate in almost all important biological processes. Immune system is elaborately regulated to maintain the equilibrium between immunity and tolerance. Recent studies have revealed significant functions of microRNAs in the maintenance of immune homeostasis using both cell and transgenic mouse models. In collaboration with various transcriptional factors and cytokines, microRNAs constitute an effective and flexible regulatory network governing the development and activation of immune cells; as well as maintenance of immune tolerance. In this review, microRNAs involved in T cell development, proliferation, and lineage differentiation will be summarized. Based on current knowledge, the function of microRNAs in establishing and maintaining immune tolerance will also be discussed in relation to determining the outcome of allograft transplantation.
微小RNA是一类小的非编码RNA，可在转录后水平调节基因表达，并且它们参与几乎所有重要的生物学过程。免疫系统受到精细调节以维持免疫与耐受之间的平衡。最近的研究利用细胞和转基因小鼠模型揭示了微小RNA在维持免疫稳态中的重要功能。微小RNA与各种转录因子和细胞因子协同作用，构成了一个有效且灵活的调控网络，该网络控制着免疫细胞的发育和激活以及免疫耐受的维持。在本综述中，将总结参与T细胞发育、增殖和谱系分化的微小RNA。基于目前的知识，还将讨论微小RNA在建立和维持免疫耐受方面的功能，以及其与同种异体移植结局的关系。
