Jit Mark, Hutubessy Raymond
Modelling and Economics Unit, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 6BT, UK.
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2016 Jun;14(3):245-52. doi: 10.1007/s40258-016-0224-7.
Economic evaluation of vaccination is a key tool to inform effective spending on vaccines. However, many evaluations have been criticised for failing to capture features of vaccines which are relevant to decision makers. These include broader societal benefits (such as improved educational achievement, economic growth and political stability), reduced health disparities, medical innovation, reduced hospital beds pressures, greater peace of mind and synergies in economic benefits with non-vaccine interventions. Also, the fiscal implications of vaccination programmes are not always made explicit. Alternative methodological frameworks have been proposed to better capture these benefits. However, any broadening of the methodology for economic evaluation must also involve evaluations of non-vaccine interventions, and hence may not always benefit vaccines given a fixed health-care budget. The scope of an economic evaluation must consider the budget from which vaccines are funded, and the decision-maker's stated aims for that spending to achieve.
疫苗接种的经济评估是指导有效疫苗支出的关键工具。然而，许多评估因未能捕捉到与决策者相关的疫苗特征而受到批评。这些特征包括更广泛的社会效益（如提高教育成就、经济增长和政治稳定）、减少健康差距、医学创新、减轻医院床位压力、更大的安心感以及与非疫苗干预措施的经济效益协同效应。此外，疫苗接种计划的财政影响并不总是明确的。已经提出了替代方法框架以更好地捕捉这些益处。然而，经济评估方法的任何拓宽也必须涉及对非疫苗干预措施的评估，因此在固定的医疗保健预算下，可能并不总是对疫苗有利。经济评估的范围必须考虑为疫苗提供资金的预算，以及决策者对该支出所设定的目标。
