Noll J, Cecala A, Hummer J
J. Noll, A. Cecala, member SME, and J. Hummer are research chemist, lead mining engineer and engineering technician, respectively, at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Min Eng. 2015 Dec;67(12):42-48. doi: 10.19150/me.6412.
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has observed that many control rooms and operator compartments in the U.S. mining industry do not have filtration systems capable of maintaining low dust concentrations in these areas. In this study at a mineral processing plant, to reduce respirable dust concentrations in a control room that had no cleaning system for intake air, a filtration and pressurization system originally designed for enclosed cabs was modified and installed. This system was composed of two filtering units: one to filter outside air and one to filter and recirculate the air inside the control room. Eighty-seven percent of submicrometer particles were reduced by the system under static conditions. This means that greater than 87 percent of respirable dust particles should be reduced as the particle-size distribution of respirable dust particles is greater than that of submicrometer particles, and filtration systems usually are more efficient in capturing the larger particles. A positive pressure near 0.02 inches of water gauge was produced, which is an important component of an effective system and minimizes the entry of particles, such as dust, into the room. The intake airflow was around 118 cfm, greater than the airflow suggested by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) for acceptable indoor air quality. After one year, the loading of the filter caused the airflow to decrease to 80 cfm, which still produces acceptable indoor air quality. Due to the loading of the filters, the reduction efficiency for submicrometer particles under static conditions increased to 94 percent from 87 percent.
美国国家职业安全与健康研究所观察到,美国采矿业的许多控制室和操作员隔间没有能够在这些区域维持低粉尘浓度的过滤系统。在一家选矿厂的这项研究中,为了降低一个没有进气清洁系统的控制室内的可吸入粉尘浓度,对原本为封闭式驾驶室设计的过滤和增压系统进行了改造并安装。该系统由两个过滤单元组成:一个用于过滤室外空气,另一个用于过滤和再循环控制室内的空气。在静态条件下,该系统使87%的亚微米颗粒得以减少。这意味着,由于可吸入粉尘颗粒的粒径分布大于亚微米颗粒,超过87%的可吸入粉尘颗粒应会减少,而且过滤系统通常在捕获较大颗粒方面效率更高。产生了接近0.02英寸水柱的正压,这是有效系统的一个重要组成部分,可将灰尘等颗粒进入房间的情况降至最低。进气气流约为118立方英尺每分钟,高于美国供热、制冷与空调工程师协会(ASHRAE)建议的可接受室内空气质量所需的气流。一年后,过滤器的负荷使气流降至80立方英尺每分钟,但仍能产生可接受的室内空气质量。由于过滤器的负荷,静态条件下亚微米颗粒的减少效率从87%提高到了94%。