Lencse-Mucha Judit, Molik Bartosz, Marszałek Jolanta, Kaźmierska-Kowalewska Kalina, Ogonowska-Słodownik Anna
Department of Sport for People with Disabilities, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Theory and Methodology in Teaching Movement of People with Disabilities Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Poland.
J Hum Kinet. 2015 Jan 12;48:63-70. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0092. eCollection 2015 Nov 22.
Results of previous studies have not indicated clearly which tests should be used to assess short-term efforts of people with intellectual disabilities. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate laboratory and field-based tests of short-term effort with maximal intensity of subjects with intellectual disabilities. Twenty four people with intellectual disability, who trained soccer, participated in this study. The 30 s Wingate test and additionally an 8 s test with maximum intensity were performed on a bicycle ergometer. The fatigue index, maximal and mean power, relative maximal and relative mean power were measured. Overall, nine field-based tests were conducted: 5, 10 and 20 m sprints, a 20 m shuttle run, a seated medicine ball throw, a bent arm hang test, a standing broad jump, sit-ups and a hand grip test. The reliability of the 30 s and 8 s Wingate tests for subjects with intellectual disability was confirmed. Significant correlation was observed for mean power between the 30 s and 8 s tests on the bicycle ergometer at a moderate level (r >0.4). Moreover, significant correlations were indicated between the results of laboratory tests and field tests, such as the 20 m sprint, the 20 m shuttle run, the standing long jump and the medicine ball throw. The strongest correlation was in the medicine ball throw. The 30 s Wingate test is a reliable test assessing maximal effort in subjects with intellectual disability. The results of this research confirmed that the 8 s test on a bicycle ergometer had a moderate correlation with the 30 s Wingate test in this population, thus, this comparison needs further investigation to examine alternativeness of the 8 s to 30 s Wingate tests. The non-laboratory tests could be used to indirectly assess performance in short-term efforts with maximal intensity.
以往研究结果并未明确指出应使用哪些测试来评估智障人士的短期运动能力。因此，本研究的目的是评估针对智障受试者最大强度的短期运动能力的实验室测试和现场测试。24名接受足球训练的智障人士参与了本研究。在自行车测力计上进行了30秒温盖特测试以及额外的8秒最大强度测试。测量了疲劳指数、最大功率和平均功率、相对最大功率和相对平均功率。总体而言，进行了九项现场测试：5米、10米和20米短跑、20米往返跑、坐姿药球投掷、屈臂悬垂测试、立定跳远、仰卧起坐和握力测试。证实了30秒和8秒温盖特测试对智障受试者的可靠性。在自行车测力计上，30秒和8秒测试之间的平均功率存在中等程度的显著相关性（r>0.4）。此外，实验室测试结果与现场测试结果之间存在显著相关性，如20米短跑、20米往返跑、立定跳远和药球投掷。相关性最强的是药球投掷。30秒温盖特测试是评估智障受试者最大运动能力的可靠测试。本研究结果证实，在该人群中，自行车测力计上的8秒测试与30秒温盖特测试存在中等相关性；因此，这种比较需要进一步研究，以检验8秒温盖特测试替代30秒温盖特测试的可行性。非实验室测试可用于间接评估最大强度短期运动能力的表现。
