Metin Baris, Wiersema Jan R, Verguts Tom, Gasthuys Roos, van Der Meere Jacob J, Roeyers Herbert, Sonuga-Barke Edmund
Child Neuropsychol. 2016;22(1):99-109.
According to the state regulation deficit (SRD) account, ADHD is associated with a problem using effort to maintain an optimal activation state under demanding task settings such as very fast or very slow event rates. This leads to a prediction of disrupted performance at event rate extremes reflected in higher Gaussian response variability that is a putative marker of activation during motor preparation. In the current study, we tested this hypothesis using ex-Gaussian modeling, which distinguishes Gaussian from non-Gaussian variability. Twenty-five children with ADHD and 29 typically developing controls performed a simple Go/No-Go task under four different event-rate conditions. There was an accentuated quadratic relationship between event rate and Gaussian variability in the ADHD group compared to the controls. The children with ADHD had greater Gaussian variability at very fast and very slow event rates but not at moderate event rates. The results provide evidence for the SRD account of ADHD. However, given that this effect did not explain all group differences (some of which were independent of event rate) other cognitive and/or motivational processes are also likely implicated in ADHD performance deficits.
根据状态调节缺陷（SRD）理论，注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与在诸如非常快或非常慢的事件速率等具有挑战性的任务设置下，难以通过努力维持最佳激活状态的问题相关。这导致了一种预测，即在事件速率极端情况下表现会受到干扰，这体现在更高的高斯响应变异性上，而高斯响应变异性是运动准备过程中激活的一个假定指标。在当前研究中，我们使用前高斯建模来检验这一假设，该模型可区分高斯变异性和非高斯变异性。25名患有ADHD的儿童和29名发育正常的对照儿童在四种不同的事件速率条件下执行了简单的“是/否”任务。与对照组相比，ADHD组中事件速率与高斯变异性之间存在更明显的二次关系。患有ADHD的儿童在非常快和非常慢的事件速率下具有更大的高斯变异性，但在中等事件速率下则不然。这些结果为ADHD的SRD理论提供了证据。然而，鉴于这种效应并不能解释所有的组间差异（其中一些差异与事件速率无关），其他认知和/或动机过程也可能与ADHD的表现缺陷有关。
