Orellana Ligia, Grunert Klaus G, Sepúlveda José, Lobos Germán, Denegri Marianela, Miranda Horacio, Adasme-Berríos Cristian, Mora Marcos, Etchebarne Soledad, Salinas-Oñate Natalia, Schnettler Berta
Centro de Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile; Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
MAPP Centre for Research on Customer Relations in the Food Sector, Aarhus University, Denmark.
Eat Behav. 2016 Apr;21:123-8. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.01.005. Epub 2016 Jan 26.
Self-discrepancy describes the distance between an ideal and the actual self. Research suggests that self-discrepancy and dietary restraint are related, causing a significant impact on the person's well-being. However, this relationship has been mostly reported in female and mixed populations. In order to further explore dietary behaviors and their relations to self-discrepancy and well-being-related variables in men, a survey was applied to a non-probabilistic sample of 119 male students from five Chilean state universities (mean age=21.8, SD=2.75). The questionnaire included the Revised Restraint Scale (RRS) with the subscales weight fluctuations (WF) and diet concern (DC), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Satisfaction with Food-Related Life Scale (SWFL), the Nutrition Interest Scale (NIS), and the Self-discrepancy Index (SDI). Questions were asked about socio-demographic characteristics, eating and drinking habits, and approximate weight and height. A cluster analysis applied to the Z-scores of the RRS classified the following typologies: Group 1 (22.7%), men concerned about weight fluctuations; Group 2 (37.0%), men concerned about diet and weight fluctuations; Group 3 (40.3%), unconcerned about diet and weight fluctuations. The typologies differed in their SDI score, restriction on pastry consumption and reported body mass index (BMI). Students with higher DC and WF scores had a higher BMI, and tended to report high self-discrepancy not only on a physical level, but also on social, emotional, economic and personal levels. This study contributes to the literature on subjective well-being, dietary restraint and self-discrepancy in men from non-clinical samples.
自我差异描述了理想自我与实际自我之间的差距。研究表明，自我差异与饮食节制有关，会对人的幸福感产生重大影响。然而，这种关系大多在女性和混合人群中得到报道。为了进一步探究男性的饮食行为及其与自我差异和幸福感相关变量之间的关系，对来自智利五所国立大学的119名男学生的非概率样本进行了一项调查（平均年龄=21.8，标准差=2.75）。问卷包括修订后的节制量表（RRS）及其体重波动（WF）和饮食关注（DC）子量表、生活满意度量表（SWLS）、与食物相关生活满意度量表（SWFL）、营养兴趣量表（NIS）以及自我差异指数（SDI）。询问了有关社会人口统计学特征、饮食和饮酒习惯以及大致体重和身高的问题。对RRS的Z分数进行聚类分析，划分出以下几种类型：第1组（22.7%），关注体重波动的男性；第2组（37.0%），关注饮食和体重波动的男性；第3组（40.3%），对饮食和体重波动不关心的男性。这些类型在SDI得分、糕点消费限制和报告的体重指数（BMI）方面存在差异。DC和WF得分较高的学生BMI较高，并且不仅在身体层面，而且在社会、情感、经济和个人层面往往报告有较高的自我差异。这项研究为非临床样本中男性的主观幸福感、饮食节制和自我差异的文献做出了贡献。
