Wang Jianmin, Li Xia, Nong Zheng, Huang Yan, Ling Ziyu, Qin Yuanyuan, Yang Senbei, Zhang Jing
Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
Women and Children's Health Care Hospital of Liuzhou City Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2015 Oct;36(10):1077-80.
To understand the symptoms of autism of children that caused the first notice of guardian, related risk factors and the influence on the time to seek medical care.
The children with autism aged <5 years were selected from autism rehabilitation centers in Wuhan, Changsha, Haikou, Liuzhou and Changsha between September 2012 and April 2014, and their guardians were retrospectively surveyed by using questionnaire. SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical analysis.
A total of 415 children with autism were included in the study. Including 355 boys (85.54%) and 60 girls (14.46%), the sex ratio was 5.9 : 1. The most common concern of guardian were: language dysplasia (20.72%); ignoring of people or lack of interaction with others (18.55%); repeat and weird action pattern (14.94%). The age when the first symptom occurred, which causing guardians' concern, ranged from 8 months to 28 months, the time when guardian began to concern varied with symptom (χ² =46.64, P<0.000 1). Guardian's educational level, guardian's contact time with the children, guardian's intimate degree with the children, the age of guardian, family type and tie had no statistical association with the fist autism symptom that caused guardian's concern. The age of the children at first medical care seeking ranged from 10.5 months to 33 months, the time of the first medical care seeking varied with symptom (χ² =46.10, P<0.000 1). Up to 90.74% of the guardians delayed the medical care seeking of the children with autism, but the symptom specific differences in medical care delay had no statistical significance (χ² =9.46, P=0.579 6).
The symptom of the children with autism causing guardian's first notice were mainly verbal communication barrier, social interaction barrier and restricted interests and behaviors. Guardian's educational level and intimate degree with children had no correlation with the symptom which caused guardian's first notice. The time when guardian began to concern and the time for children's medical care varied with guardian's first notice.
了解引起监护人首次注意的儿童孤独症症状、相关危险因素及对就医时间的影响。
选取2012年9月至2014年4月在武汉、长沙、海口、柳州及郑州等地孤独症康复机构就诊的5岁以下孤独症儿童，采用问卷调查的方式对其监护人进行回顾性调查。采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析。
共纳入415例孤独症儿童，其中男童355例（85.54%），女童60例（14.46%），男女比例为5.9∶1。监护人最常关注的问题依次为：语言发育迟缓（20.72%）；对人忽视或缺乏互动（18.55%）；重复怪异行为模式（14.94%）。引起监护人关注的首个症状出现年龄为8个月至28个月，监护人开始关注的时间因症状而异（χ² =46.64，P<0.000 1）。监护人的文化程度、与儿童接触时间、与儿童亲密程度、监护人年龄、家庭类型及关系与引起监护人关注的首个孤独症症状无统计学关联。儿童首次就医年龄为10.5个月至33个月，首次就医时间因症状而异（χ² =46.10，P<0.000 1）。高达90.74%的监护人延误了孤独症儿童的就医，但就医延误的症状特异性差异无统计学意义（χ² =9.46，P=0.579 6）。
引起监护人首次注意的孤独症儿童症状主要为言语交流障碍、社会交往障碍及兴趣行为局限。监护人的文化程度及与儿童亲密程度与引起监护人首次注意的症状无相关性。监护人开始关注的时间及儿童就医时间因监护人首次注意的症状而异。
