Yong Hoi-Sen, Song Sze-Looi, Lim Phaik-Eem, Eamsobhana Praphathip, Suana I Wayan
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Chancellory High Impact Research, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
PLoS One. 2016 Feb 3;11(2):e0148201. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148201. eCollection 2016.
Bactrocera latifrons is a serious pest of solanaceous fruits and Bactrocera umbrosa is a pest of Artocarpus fruits, while Bactrocera melastomatos infests the fruit of Melastomataceae. They are members of the subgenus Bactrocera. We report here the complete mitochondrial genome of these fruit flies determined by next-generation sequencing and their phylogeny with other taxa of the subgenus Bactrocera. The whole mitogenomes of these three species possessed 37 genes namely, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA and 22 tRNA genes. The mitogenome of B. latifrons (15,977 bp) was longer than those of B. melastomatos (15,954 bp) and B. umbrosa (15,898 bp). This difference can be attributed to the size of the intergenic spacers (283 bp in B. latifrons, 261 bp in B. melastomatos, and 211 bp in B. umbrosa). Most of the PCGs in the three species have an identical start codon, except for atp8 (adenosine triphosphate synthase protein 8), which had an ATG instead of GTG in B. umbrosa, whilst the nad3 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3) and nad6 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6) genes were characterized by an ATC instead of ATT in B. melastomatos. The three species had identical stop codon for the respective PCGs. In B. latifrons and B. melastomatos, the TΨC (thymidine-pseudouridine-cytidine)-loop was absent in trnF (phenylalanine) and DHU (dihydrouracil)-loop was absent in trnS1 (serine S1). In B. umbrosa, trnN (asparagine), trnC (cysteine) and trnF lacked the TψC-loop, while trnS1 lacked the DHU-stem. Molecular phylogeny based on 13 PCGs was in general concordant with 15 mitochondrial genes (13 PCGs and 2 rRNA genes), with B. latifrons and B. umbrosa forming a sister group basal to the other species of the subgenus Bactrocera which was monophyletic. The whole mitogenomes will serve as a useful dataset for studying the genetics, systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the many species of Bactrocera genus in particular, and tephritid fruit flies in general.
宽额果实蝇是茄科果实的一种严重害虫，乌叶果实蝇是波罗蜜属果实的害虫，而美叶果实蝇则侵害野牡丹科植物的果实。它们均属于果实蝇亚属。我们在此报告通过下一代测序确定的这些果蝇的完整线粒体基因组，以及它们与果实蝇亚属其他分类群的系统发育关系。这三个物种的完整线粒体基因组共有37个基因，即13个蛋白质编码基因（PCGs）、2个核糖体RNA基因和22个转运RNA基因。宽额果实蝇的线粒体基因组（15,977 bp）比美叶果实蝇（15,954 bp）和乌叶果实蝇（15,898 bp）的线粒体基因组更长。这种差异可归因于基因间隔区的大小（宽额果实蝇为283 bp，美叶果实蝇为261 bp，乌叶果实蝇为211 bp）。这三个物种的大多数PCGs具有相同的起始密码子，但乌叶果实蝇的atp8（三磷酸腺苷合酶蛋白8）基因的起始密码子为ATG而非GTG，而美叶果实蝇的nad3（NADH脱氢酶亚基3）和nad6（NADH脱氢酶亚基6）基因的起始密码子为ATC而非ATT。这三个物种各自的PCGs具有相同的终止密码子。在宽额果实蝇和美叶果实蝇中，trnF（苯丙氨酸）缺少TΨC环（胸苷-假尿苷-胞苷环），trnS1（丝氨酸S1）缺少DHU环（二氢尿嘧啶环）。在乌叶果实蝇中，trnN（天冬酰胺）、trnC（半胱氨酸）和trnF缺少TψC环，而trnS1缺少DHU茎。基于13个PCGs的分子系统发育总体上与15个线粒体基因（13个PCGs和2个核糖体RNA基因）一致，宽额果实蝇和乌叶果实蝇形成一个姐妹群，位于果实蝇亚属其他单系物种的基部。完整的线粒体基因组将成为一个有用的数据集，尤其用于研究果实蝇属众多物种的遗传学、系统学和系统发育关系，以及一般的实蝇科果蝇。
