Signorelli Mauro, Bogani Giorgio, Ditto Antonino, Martinelli Fabio, Chiappa Valentina, Lopez Carlos, Scaffa Cono, Lorusso Domenica, Raspagliesi Francesco
Gynecologic Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy -
Minerva Ginecol. 2016 Oct;68(5):536-43. Epub 2016 Feb 4.
Inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 increase significantly the risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers, and they have been associated with increased risks of developing other types of cancer. Although screening programs have been implemented in order to detect cancers at the early stage, they resulted ineffective. To date, risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy represents the only procedure allowing reducing the incidence of ovarian cancer and increasing survival among BRCA1 and -2 mutation carriers. In the present review we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages related to the execution of prophylactic surgery, thus underlying possible beneficial and detrimental effects of this kind of surgery in premenopausal women. Additionally, we will investigate further therapeutic strategies aimed to reduce the risk of developing ovarian cancer, without affected patients' hormonal status.
BRCA1和BRCA2基因的遗传性突变会显著增加患乳腺癌和卵巢癌的风险，并且还与患其他类型癌症的风险增加有关。尽管已经实施了筛查计划以在早期阶段检测癌症，但结果显示无效。迄今为止，降低风险的双侧输卵管卵巢切除术是唯一能够降低BRCA1和BRCA2突变携带者卵巢癌发病率并提高生存率的手术。在本综述中，我们将讨论与预防性手术实施相关的优缺点，从而强调这种手术对绝经前女性可能产生的有益和有害影响。此外，我们将进一步研究旨在降低患卵巢癌风险且不影响患者激素状态的治疗策略。
