dos Reis Leandro Valim, Araujo Júnior Edward, Guazzelli Cristina Aparecida Falbo, Cernach Mirlene Cecilia Soares Pinho, Torloni Maria Regina, Moron Antonio Fernandes
Departamento de Obstetrícia. Escola Paulista de Medicina. Universidade Federal de São Paulo. São Paulo. Brasil.
Disciplina de Genética. Departamento de Morfologia. Escola Paulista de Medicina. Universidade Federal de São Paulo. São Paulo. Brasil.
Acta Med Port. 2015 Nov-Dec;28(6):708-14. Epub 2015 Dec 31.
To analyze the prevalence of congenital anomalies detected at birth among children of pregnant adolescents, emphasizing the most common types and the time of diagnosis.
Retrospective study of type census, in which were analyzed in all newborns, living or dead, weighing more than 500 g of women who gave birth at Hospital São Paulo in a period of six years. The fetuses bearing anomalies were identified prenatally or through postnatal physical examination period, according to the criteria of the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations. The results were expressed descriptively using absolute and relative values, the prevalence of anomalies was calculated, as well as the comparison between groups using nonparametric tests.
We analyzed 6 257 pregnancies, of which 577 newborns had some congenital anomaly identified at birth (prevalence 9.2%). Among these 6 257, 907 were adolescents, which showed a 9.9% prevalence of anomalies among their newborns. There was no significant difference between the presence of abnormalities in newborns of adolescents and women with age greater than or equal to 20 years. About 56% of congenital anomalies were diagnosed in the prenatal period. We observed a higher prevalence of defects of neural tube between newborns of adolescents (p = 0.027).
We observed high rate of deliveries in adolescents, higher than developed countries. We observed also high frequency of congenital anomalies in newborns, probably because our tertiary reference center. The high prevalence of neural tube defect among young pregnant women could be explained by the absent of acid folic supplementation in non-planned gestations which is typical of adolescents.
The prevalence and time of diagnosis of congenital anomalies showed similar behavior among newborns of teenagers and women with age greater than or equal to 20 years, except for the defects of the neural tube, which were more prevalent among newborns of teenagers.
分析妊娠青少年所生孩子出生时先天性异常的患病率，重点关注最常见类型及诊断时间。
采用回顾性普查研究，对圣保罗医院六年期间分娩的所有新生儿（无论存活或死亡，体重超过500克）的母亲进行分析。根据拉丁美洲先天性畸形协作研究的标准，通过产前或产后体格检查确定有异常的胎儿。结果采用绝对和相对值进行描述性表达，计算异常患病率，并使用非参数检验进行组间比较。
我们分析了6257例妊娠，其中577例新生儿在出生时被发现有某种先天性异常（患病率9.2%）。在这6257例中，907例为青少年，其新生儿异常患病率为9.9%。青少年新生儿与年龄大于或等于20岁的女性新生儿的异常情况无显著差异。约56%的先天性异常在孕期被诊断出。我们观察到青少年新生儿中神经管缺陷的患病率较高（p = 0.027）。
我们观察到青少年分娩率较高，高于发达国家。我们还观察到新生儿先天性异常的频率较高，这可能是因为我们是三级转诊中心。年轻孕妇中神经管缺陷患病率高可能是由于青少年意外妊娠中缺乏叶酸补充，这是青少年的典型情况。
青少年新生儿与年龄大于或等于20岁的女性新生儿先天性异常的患病率及诊断时间表现相似，但神经管缺陷在青少年新生儿中更为普遍。
