《2014年重庆市吸烟行为与认知横断面调查》

Shen Zhuozhi, Ding Xianbin, Mao Deqiang, Zhang Chunhua, Lyu Xiaoyan, Jiao Yan, Qi Li

Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China.

Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China; Email:

Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2015 Nov;36(11):1236-43.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the prevalence of smoking, smoking cessation, passive smoking and awareness of the dangers of tobacco in population in Chongqing and provide evidence for developing prevention and control measures.

METHODS

A total of 5 400 residents aged ≥18 years were selected from 9 districts/counties in Chongqing through stratified multi-stage cluster sampling and face-to-face interviews were conducted among them. Indicators as current smoking rates, smoking cessation rates and passive smoking rates were calculated by the weight of age proportions from 2010 population census. The analytical method was based on complex sampling design.

RESULTS

The current smoking rate of the residents aged ≥18 years was 27.4% (male: 53.5% and female: 1.1%), which was highest in age group 40-50 years (58.4%) for males. The current smoking rate among rural residents was higher than that in urban residents. The prevalence of daily cigarette smoking was 27.5%, which was significantly higher in southeastern Chongqing. The rate of passive smoking was 52.4%. Among daily smokers, the mean number of cigarettes smoked was 17.5 per day (men: 17.6 per day; women: 13.5 per day). The daily smoked cigarette number in males was higher in age group 40-50 years (20.1 per day) and those with junior middle school education level (18.9 per day). The proportion of the current smokers who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day (the rate of heavy smoker) was higher in males than in females and in rural residents than in urban residents. The proportion of heavy smokers was 59.3%, which was highest in age group 40-50 years (66.8%), followed by those with junior middle school educational level (65.2%). The average age of smokers when they stared to smoke was 20.8 years old, which was low in males and rural residents. About 80.2% of the smokers stared to smoke under 25 years old, and 70.3% of the smokers stared to smoke between 15 and 25 years old. The overall rate of smoking cessation was 20.1% and the successful smoking cessation rate was 13.7%. The two rates increased with age, the successful smoking cessation rate was lowest in age group 18-40 years (4.8%). The awareness of the tobacco risk related knowledge seemed poor among the residents, only 19.6% of the residents were aware that smoking could cause serious diseases (stoke, heart disease and lung cancer). 21.9% of the residents were aware that passive smoking could cause serious diseases (heart disease, lung disease and lung cancer).

CONCLUSION

Current prevalence of smoking in males in Chongqing remains at a high level, indicating that the publicity programs on the tobacco risk related knowledge needs to be strengthened and the tobacco control needs more efforts. The tobacco control in Chongqing is still facing serious challenge.

目的

调查重庆市人群吸烟、戒烟、被动吸烟及烟草危害知晓情况，为制定防控措施提供依据。

方法

通过分层多阶段整群抽样，从重庆市9个区县选取5400名≥18岁居民进行面对面访谈。依据2010年人口普查年龄构成权重计算当前吸烟率、戒烟率和被动吸烟率。分析方法基于复杂抽样设计。

结果

≥18岁居民当前吸烟率为27.4%（男性：53.5%，女性：1.1%），男性40～50岁年龄组吸烟率最高（58.4%）。农村居民当前吸烟率高于城市居民。每日吸烟率为27.5%，在重庆东南部显著更高。被动吸烟率为52.4%。在每日吸烟者中，平均每日吸烟量为17.5支（男性：每日17.6支；女性：每日13.5支）。男性40～50岁年龄组（每日20.1支）和初中文化程度者（每日18.9支）每日吸烟量更高。每日吸烟超过20支的当前吸烟者比例（重度吸烟者比例）男性高于女性，农村居民高于城市居民。重度吸烟者比例为59.3%，40～50岁年龄组最高（66.8%），其次为初中文化程度者（65.2%）。吸烟者开始吸烟的平均年龄为20.8岁，男性和农村居民较低。约80.2%的吸烟者在25岁前开始吸烟，70.3%的吸烟者在15～25岁开始吸烟。总体戒烟率为20.1%，成功戒烟率为13.7%。这两个率随年龄增长而升高，18～40岁年龄组成功戒烟率最低（4.8%）。居民对烟草危害相关知识知晓情况较差，仅19.6%的居民知晓吸烟会导致严重疾病（中风、心脏病和肺癌）。21.9%的居民知晓被动吸烟会导致严重疾病（心脏病、肺病和肺癌）。