Foissner Wilhelm
University of Salzburg, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
Eur J Protistol. 2016 Sep;55(Pt B):118-127. doi: 10.1016/j.ejop.2015.11.005. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
Using standard methods, I describe Heterometopus meisterfeldi nov. gen., nov. spec., a new armophorean ciliate from dry soil of the bed of the Fogg Dam in northern Australia. It appeared in the non-flooded Petri dish culture three weeks after soil re-wetting, i.e., when the bottom zone of the culture became anaerobic. The new genus is characterized by a cylindroid body and a short, slightly oblique, J-shaped adoral zone extending only ventrally and about one third of body length. The species has an average size of 140×30μm and has 23 ciliary rows, 30 adoral polykinetids, and 25 false kineties in the perizonal stripe. Metopus palaeformis, as redescribed by Foissner et al. (2002) and in the present paper, shows very similar characteristics and is thus transferred to the new genus: Heterometopus palaeformis (Kahl, 1927) nov. comb. Heterometopus meisterfeldi and H. palaeformis differ by body size (∼140×30 vs. 100×20 in vivo), the shape of the macronucleus (ellipsoid, ∼2:1 vs. elongate ellipsoid, ∼3:1), the width of the side-stripe (12μm vs. 4μm), the number of false kineties in the perizonal stripe (25 vs. 14), and the number of adoral polykinetids (∼30 vs. ∼20). Very likely, several species from Kahl's Metopus groups II and III belong to Heterometopus but a transfer should await detailed redescriptions. Heterometopus meisterfeldi belongs very likely to the family Metopidae. The short, J-shaped adoral zone of polykinetids highly resembles the blepharismid genera Pseudoblepharisma and Blepharisma.
运用标准方法，我描述了新属新种——梅氏异长吻虫（Heterometopus meisterfeldi），它是一种来自澳大利亚北部福格大坝河床干燥土壤的新的臂形目纤毛虫。在土壤重新湿润三周后，它出现在未淹没的培养皿培养物中，即当培养物底部区域变为厌氧环境时。新属的特征是身体呈圆柱形，口围带短，略倾斜，呈J形，仅腹侧延伸，约为体长的三分之一。该物种平均大小为140×30μm，有23列纤毛、30个口围多动基体和25条围口区假动基列。福斯纳等人（2002年）以及本文重新描述的古形长吻虫（Metopus palaeformis）表现出非常相似的特征，因此被转移到新属：古形异长吻虫（Heterometopus palaeformis (Kahl, 1927)）新组合。梅氏异长吻虫和古形异长吻虫在身体大小（活体中约140×30与100×20）、大核形状（椭圆形，约2:1与细长椭圆形，约3:1）、侧带宽度（12μm与4μm）、围口区假动基列数量（25与14）以及口围多动基体数量（约30与约20）方面存在差异。很可能，卡尔的长吻虫属第二和第三组中的几个物种属于异长吻虫属，但转移应等待详细的重新描述。梅氏异长吻虫很可能属于长吻虫科。多动基体的短J形口围带与伪睫滴虫属和睫滴虫属非常相似。
